Heart

Question 1

apex

Answer 1

-bottom of heart

Question 2

base

Answer 2

-top of heart

Question 3

right ventricle

Answer 3

• thinner myocardium (walls)

- pumps blood to lungs

Question 4

left ventricle

Answer 4

• thicker myocardium (walls)

- pumps blood throughout body

Question 5

right atrium

Answer 5

• thinner myocardium

- receives blood from body

Question 6

left atrium

Answer 6

• thicker myocardium

- receives blood from lungs

Question 7

auricles

Answer 7

• flattened on outer edges of each atrium

- slightly increases volume of atria

Question 8

anterior interventricular (coronary) sulcus

Answer 8

• on ventral surface of heart

- diagonal depression that is normally covered with fatty tissue

Question 9

coronary blood vessels

Answer 9

• on surface of heart
• not inside heart
• have nothing to do with SVC, IVC, pulmonary trunk, etc
• arteries bring oxygenated
• veins take away deoxygenated

Question 10

aorta

Answer 10

• large vessel medial to right atrium
• often covered in fatty tissue
• carries oxygenated blood from LV to rest of body

Question 11

ligamentum arteriosum

Answer 11

• small fibrous band between pulmonary artery and aorta

- remnant of ductus arteriosus (functions in fetal circulation)

Question 12

3 branches arising from aortic arch

Answer 12

1. ) Braciocephalic- branches into R subclavian artery and R common carotid artery
2. ) left common carotid artery
3. ) left subclavian artery

Question 13

ascending vs descending aorta

Answer 13

• ascending get blood from LV
• descending sends blood throughout body
• arch in between

Question 14

pulmonary trunk

Answer 14

• large vessel between aorta and LA
• divides into L and R pulmonary arteries
• all take blood from RV to lungs

Question 15

pulmonary veins

Answer 15

• thin walls
• carry oxygenated blood from lungs to LA
• 4 total in human (2 from each lung)

Question 16

superior vena cava

Answer 16

• attached to upper part of RA

- returning blood from upper half of body to heart

Question 17

inferior vena cava

Answer 17

• attached to lower part of RA

- returning all blood from lower half of body to heart

Question 18

tricuspid valve

Answer 18

• blood flow from R atrium to R ventricle

- three flaps

Question 19

bicuspid (Mitral) valve

Answer 19

• blood flow from R atrium to R ventricle

- three flaps

Question 20

interventricular septum

Answer 20

• divider between ventricles

- thick

Question 21

papillary muscles

Answer 21

• muscular extensions

- function to -prevent AV valves from flipping inside out or bulging into atria when ventricles contract

Question 22

chordae tendineae

Answer 22

-tendinous cords that connect AV valve cusps to papillary muscle on floor of ventricle

Question 23

trabeculae carneae

Answer 23

-muscular ridges projecting from inner surface of R and L ventricles

Question 24

moderator band

Answer 24

• reinforcement cord between ventricular septum and ventricular wall
• prevents excessive stretch from occurring in myocardium of right ventricle
• prevents distention of ventricle

Question 25

3 layers of the heart

Answer 25

1. ) epicardium- outer 2. ) myocardium- middle (muscle part) 3. ) endocardium- membrane that lines chambers

Question 26

myocardium

Answer 26

- muscular part of heart - thickness varies between chambers of the heart - thinnest in atria and thickest in ventricles - left ventricle has thickest myocardium of all parts of heart

Question 27

pectinate muscle

Answer 27

- ridges on inner surface of atria | - have comb-like appearance

Question 28

opening to coronary sinus

Answer 28

-blood of coronary circulation is returned through that opening to venus circulation

Question 29

coronary sinus

Answer 29

- where blood that has been used by heart cells collects - looks like enlarged vein - empties blood into RA

Question 30

great cardiac vein

Answer 30

- collects blood from anterior aspect of heart and travels alongside anterior interventricular artery - carries blood from apex toward coronary sulcus, then arcs around L side of heart and empties into coronary sinus

Question 31

pulmonary semilunar valve

Answer 31

-between R ventricle to pulmonary trunk

Question 32

aortic semilunar valve

Answer 32

-between L ventricle and aorta

Question 33

openings to coronary arteries

Answer 33

-in walls of aorta, just above aortic semilunar valve

Question 34

L and R coronary artery

Answer 34

- passes immediately underneath L and R auricles | - lead to coronary circulation of myocardium

Question 35

anterior interventricular branch (LAD)

Answer 35

-provides blood to ventricles and apex of heart

Question 36

circumflex artery

Answer 36

-follows coronary sulcus on left side