Hormones Flashcards
1
Q
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
A
- anterior pituitary
- targets adrenal cortex
- adrenal cortex growth
- secretion of glucocorticoids
2
Q
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
A
- posterior pituitary
- targets kidneys
- water retention
3
Q
corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
A
- hypothalamus
- targets anterior pituitary
- promotes secretion of ACTH
4
Q
dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
A
- adrenal cortex
- targets bone, muscle, integument, brain
- precursor of testosterone
- promotes growth of bones, pubic hair, apocrine glands, and fetal male reproductive tract
- stimulates libido
5
Q
Erythropoietin (EPO)
A
- kidney, liver
- targets red bone marrow
- promotes RBC production
- increases O2 carrying capacity of blood
6
Q
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
A
- anterior pituitary
- targets ovaries/testes
- growth of ovarian follicles
- secretion of estrogen
- sperm production
7
Q
Growth hormone (somatotropin) (GH)
A
- anterior pituitary
- targets liver, bone, cartilage, muscle, fat
- widespread growth
8
Q
Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)
A
- hypothalamus
- targets anterior pituitary
- promotes secretion of GH
9
Q
gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
A
- hypothalamus
- targets anterior pituitary
- promotes secretion of FSH and LH
10
Q
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
A
- anterior pituitary
- targets ovaries/testes
- ovulation
- maintenance of corpus luteum
- testosterone secretion
11
Q
Norepinephrine (NE)
A
- adrenal medulla
- targets most tissues
- activates sympathetic nervous system
- raises metabolic rate, circulation, and respiration rate
- increases blood glucose
- inhibits insulin secretion and glucose uptake
- spares glucose for brain
12
Q
Oxytocin (OT)
A
- posterior pituitary
- targets uterus, mammary glands
- labor contractions
- milk release
- bonding
- sexual affection
13
Q
Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (dopamine) (PIH)
A
- hypothalamus
- targets anterior pituitary
- inhibits secretion of PRL
14
Q
Prolactin (PRL)
A
- anterior pituitary
- targets mammary glands/testes
- milk synthesis
- increased LH sensitivity (males)
- not tropic
15
Q
Triiodothyronine (T3)
A
- thyroid
- more metabolically active than T3
16
Q
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
A
- parathyroids
- targets bone, kidney, small intestine
- *raises blood Ca2+
- stimulating bone resorption and inhibiting deposition
- reduces urinary Ca2+ excretion
- enhances calcitriol synthesis
17
Q
Thyroxine (T4)
A
- thyroid
- converts into T3
18
Q
thyroid hormone (T3 and T4)
A
- thyroid
- targets most tissues
- elevates metabolic rate, heat production, respiratory rate, heart rate, beat strength
- stimulates appetite
- promotes alertness
- quickens reflexes
- stimulates GH secretion
- growth of skin, hair, nails, teeth, fetal NS
19
Q
thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)
A
- hypothalamus
- targets anterior pituitary
- promotes secretion of TSH and PRL
20
Q
melatonin
A
- pineal gland
- targets brain
- mood and sexual maturation
21
Q
thymopoietin, thymosin, thymulin
A
- thymus
- targets immune cells (T lymphocytes)
- stimulates T lymphocyte development and activity
22
Q
Thyroid stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) (TSH)
A
- anterior pituitary
- targets thyroid gland
- thyroid growth
- TH secretion
23
Q
calcitonin
A
- thyroid
- targets bone
- stimulates bone deposition, mainly in kids
24
Q
aldosterone
A
- adrenal cortex
- targets kidney
- promotes Na+ and water retention
- promotes K+ excretion
- maintains BP and volume
25
glucagon
- pancreatic islets (alpha)
- targets liver
- stimulates AA absorption
- gluconeogenesis
- raises blood glucose and fatty acid levels
26
insulin
- pancreatic islets (beta)
- targets many tissues
- AA and glucose uptake
- lowers blood glucose
- promotes glycogen, protein, and fat synth
27
pancreatic polypeptide
- pancreatic islets
- targets pancreas and gallbladder
- inhibits release of bile and NZ
28
gastrin
- pancreatic islets
- targets stomach
- stimulates acid secretion and gastric motility
29
estradiol
- ovaries
- targets many tissues
- female reproduction/development
- regulates menstrual cycle and pregnancy
- preps mamm glands for lactation
30
progesterone
- ovaries
- targets uterus and mammary glands
- regulates menstrual cycle and pregnancy
- preps mamm glands for lactation
31
inhibin
- ovaries and testes
- targets anterior pituitary
- inhibits FSH
32
testosterone
- testes
- targets many tissues
- stimulates fetal and adolescent reproductive development
- musculoskeletal growth
- sperm production
- libido
33
calcidiol
- liver
| - precursor of calcitriol
34
angiotensinogen
- liver
| - precursor of angiotension II
35
hepcidin
- liver
- targets small intestine, liver
- promotes iron absorption and metabolism
36
insulin-like growth factor I
- liver
- targets many tissues
- prolongs and mediates action of GH
37
angiotension I
- kidney
- vasoconstrictor
- precursor of angiotension II
38
calcitriol
- kidney
- targets small intestine
- increases blood Ca2+ by promoting absorption
39
cortisol and corticosterone
- adrenal cortex
- stimulates fat and protein catabolism
- stimulates gluconeogenesis
- stress resistance
- tissue repair
40
estrogen, progesterone
- placenta
- targets many mother and fetus tissues
- stimulates fetal development
- stimulates maternal bodily adaptations to pregnancy
- preps mamm glands for lactation
