kidney

Question 1

renal capsule

Answer 1

• three layers of connective tissue enclosing kidney

- functions as protection

Question 2

renal cortex

Answer 2

-1 cm thick tissue between capsule and medulla

Question 3

renal medulla

Answer 3

-inner (pyramids) of kidney

Question 4

renal papilla

Answer 4

-tip of pyramid

Question 5

renal sinus

Answer 5

-medial cavity occupied by blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves, and urine collecting structures

Question 6

renal pelvis

Answer 6

• conversion of 2+ major calyx in sinus

- leads to ureter

Question 7

major calyx

Answer 7

-conversion of 2+ minor calyx

Question 8

minor calyx

Answer 8

–cup where papilla rests

Question 9

renal column

Answer 9

• extensions of renal cortex

- divide medulla into pyramids

Question 10

renal pyramid

Answer 10

• 6-10 per kidney
• base faces cortex
• pyramid + overlying cortex = lobe

Question 11

ureter

Answer 11

-tube that carries urine from kidney to bladder

Question 12

renal vein

Answer 12

-thick wall

Question 13

renal artery

Answer 13

-thin wall

Question 14

renal hilum

Answer 14

• central fissure of kidney

- where vessels, nerves, and ureter pass

Question 15

renal portal system

Answer 15

• an arterial portal system, in which efferent glomerular arterioles receive blood from the capillaries of the renal glomeruli and carry it to the peritubular capillary plexus surrounding the proximal and distal convoluted tubules
• system of vessels with various branches and capillary beds

Question 16

renal circulation (to glomerulus)

Answer 16

1. ) aorta
2. ) renal artery
3. ) renal artery branches into segmental arteries before hilum
4. ) segmental arteries branch into interlobar arteries
5. ) interlobar arteries branch into arcuate arteries
6. ) arcuate arteries branch into cortical radiate arteries
7. ) cortical radiate arteries give rise to afferent arterioles
8. ) afferent arterioles to glomerulus

Question 17

interlobar artery

Answer 17

-penetrates each renal column and travels between pyramids toward corticomedullary junction

Question 18

corticomedullary junction

Answer 18

-boundary between cortex and medulla

Question 19

arcuate arteries

Answer 19

-along base of pyramid

Question 20

cortical radiate arteries

Answer 20

• branch off arcuate arteries

- pass upward into cortex

Question 21

afferent arterioles

Answer 21

• arise from cortical radiate arteries
• each aff. arteriole supplies one functional unit of the kidney (nephron)
• leads to the glomerulus

Question 22

glomerulus

Answer 22

-ball of capillaries in nephron

Question 23

renal circulation (away from glomerulus)

Answer 23

1. ) glomerulus
2. ) efferent arteriole
3. ) plexus of peritubular capillaries (or vasa recta)
4. ) cortical radiate veins
5. ) arcuate veins
6. ) interlobular veins
7. ) renal vein
   * no segmental veins, but the rest travel parallel to corresponding artery
8. ) renal vein leaves hilum and drains into IVC

Question 24

plexus of peritubular capillaries

Answer 24

• form network around renal tubule of nephron

- where water and solutes filtered out of blood at glomerulus are returned to bloodstream

Question 25

renal tubule

Answer 25

-reabsorbs most of water and solutes that filtered out of blood at glomerulus and returns them to the bloodstream via pertubular capillaries

Question 26

vasa recta

Answer 26

- network of vessels that supply medulla with blood * medulla receives 1-2% of total renal blood flow - arise from nephrons in deep cortex close to the medulla - efferent arterioles give rise to vasa recta instead of pertubular capillaries - capillaries lead to arcuate and cortical radiate veins