Respiratory system Flashcards
muscles important during breathing under resting conditions
- ) diaphragm
2. ) intercostals
muscles important when there is a dramatic increase in the depth and frequency of breathing (8)
- ) internal intercostals
- ) sternocleidomastoid
- ) serratus anterior
- ) pectoralis anterior
- ) scalene
- ) transverse thoracis
- ) external/internal obliques
- ) rectus abdominus
posterior side of lungs
-pretty side
anterior side of lungs
-ugly jagged side
parietal pleura
- lines the thoracic wall, covers the superior surface of the diaphragm and separates the pleural cavity from the mediastinum
- attached to the wall of the thoracic cavity and innervated by the intercostal nerves and phrenic nerve
pleural cavity
-space between the visceral and parietal two pleurae of the lungs
visceral pleura
-attached directly to the lungs (as opposed to the parietal pleura, which is attached to the opposing thoracic cavity)
right lung
- 3 lobes (sup, middle, inf.)
- 10 segments
left lung
- 2 lobes (sup, inf)
- 8 segments
primary bronchus
- branches of trachea
- one to each lung
secondary bronchi
- branch from primary bronchus
- aka lobar bronchi b/c lead to lobes
- 2 divisions in left lung
- 3 divisions in right lung
- branch into segmental (tertiary) bronchi
tertiary bronchi
- aka segmental bronchi
- branch off secondary bronchi
- 10 in right lung
- 8 in left lung
- branch into bronchioles
bronchioles
- branch off of tertiary bronchi
- lead to alveoli
- equivalent to arterioles b/c bronchio constrict/dilate, regulating air flow
alveoli
- air sacs
- site of gas exchange
- location of pulmonary capillaries where O2 and CO2 exchange occurs
bronchial tree
- airway
- extend from main bronchus to 65,000 terminal bronchioles
location of cartilage in bronchial tree
- primary, secondary, and tertiary bronchi
- amount of cartilage decreases as go deeper into lung
- walls less rigid as descend
absence of cartilage in bronchial tree
-bronchioles
diameter of bronchi wall…
-decreases with branching
what does an inhaler target
-smooth muscle walls of bronchioles
cartilaginous rings
- line trachea
- composed of hyalin cartilage
- C-shaped appearance
what fills posterior aspect of C-shaped ring
-smooth muscle
elasticity
- resistance to change/deformation
- if deformed, tissue returns to original shape
- characteristic of trachea
bifurcation
-the division of something into two branches or parts
Ex: trachea into L & R primary bronchi
cardiac notch
-where heart is located on L lung
