Blood Typing Flashcards
what determines blood type
- genetics
- based on what antigens (glycolipid) you have on the surface of your RBCs
antigen
- marker
- present on all cells
- tell immune system that those are your cells so immune system doesn’t attack
- can be proteins, glycoproteins, glycolipids, etc
- trigger immune response if there are antigens present that aren’t yours
4 possible blood types
- O
- A
- B
- AB
- based upon which sugars compose glyco part of glycolipid
type O blood
- most common in US
- doesn’t have any extra sugars
type AB blood
- least common in US
- has 2 basic sugar structures with extra sugar on each
basic 3 sugar structure
-present on all blood types
plasma cells
- part of immune system
- release antibodies
antibodies
- bind to antigens
- view anything foreign as an enemy
- bind and link foreign cells, targeting for destruction
linked foreign cells
- bad b/c you have little capillaries that only allow one RBC through at a time
- clumped RBCs (from non-match donor)
agglutination
- clumping together of RBCs mediated by antibodies
- occurs if getting non-match blood transfusion
- RBCs clump and block blood flow in vessel or release “free” hemoglobin
free hemoglobin
-leads to kidney failure
O antigen
-none
O antibody
- Anti- A
- Anti-B
A antigen
-A
A antibody
- Anti-B- if sees B -> clumps
* dont’ want Anti-A b/c would lead to agglutinate
B antigen
B
B antibody
Anti-A
AB antigen
A
B
AB antibody
none
-doesn’t want A or B b/c would attack itself
if mix antibody with antigen it doesn’t like
- clumping occurs
* nothing happens if doesn’t see what it doesn’t like
D antigen (Rh factor)
-antigen with major role during proper fetal hemolytic development
Rh+
-you have D antigen
Rh-
- do not have the D antigen
- if exposed to D antigen, body doesn’t like and makes antibodies for it
antibody development
- automatically develop antibodies that reciprocate your blood antigens
- only develop Rh antigens if exposed to them
