Vessels

Question 1

monckberg medial sclerosis

Answer 1

calcification walls muscular arteries
not clinically signif
>50y

Question 2

Atherosclerosis artery type most commonly affected

Answer 2

elastic

Question 3

Layer involved atherosclerosi

Answer 3

tunica intima

Question 4

Vessels most common atherosclerosis

Answer 4

lower abdominal aorta
coronary arteries
popliteal arteries
internal carotid arteries
circle of willis

Question 5

Metalloproetinases

Answer 5

control collagen turnover - if increased more collagen broken down

Question 6

causes aortic aneurysm

Answer 6

1. atherosclerosis
2. HTN (ascending)

Question 7

Risk AAA rupture by size

Answer 7

4-5cm 1%y
5-6 11%
6+ 25%

Question 8

Causes dissection

Answer 8

90% htn older people
other younger CT

Question 9

De Bakey classification

Answer 9

I - all (A)
II - ascending (A)
III - descending (B)

Question 10

Mortality dissection

Answer 10

Type A most common - 15-35% with tx (70 if haemorrhage)
Type B - 25%

Question 11

GCA

Answer 11

> 40yo
assoc PMR
Large/ medium
50% ophthalmic
T cell response to wall antigen

Question 12

Takayasu

Answer 12

like GCA but younger patients
large/ medium
aortic arch involved - pulseless upper limbs

Question 13

PAN

Answer 13

small medium muscular arteries
kideny most involved
30% assoc hep B
young adults, relapsing and remitting
inc BP, abdo pain, bloody stool, myalgia

Question 14

Kawasaki

Answer 14

large medium vessels
acute febrile self limiting with viral trigger <4y
coronary artery aneurysm
conjuct oral erythema and blistering
erythema palms and soles
desquamative rash
oedema hand and feet
CREAM
conjunctivitis
Rash
Erythema (hands feet)
Adenopathy
Mucous membranes

Question 15

Microscopic polyangitis

Answer 15

capilaries, erterioles, venules
90% necrotising glomerulonephritis
haemoptysis, haematuria, palpable purpura

Question 16

Churg straus

Answer 16

allergic granulomatosis
small vessel
asthma, allergic rhinitis, eosinophilia
palable purpura
kidney, GI, heart

Question 17

Behcet

Answer 17

eye (uveitis), mouth, genital
small to med neutrophilic
HLA Th17

Question 18

granulomatosis with polyangitis

Answer 18

necrotosing grauloma resp tract
vasculitis small/ med ling + other
focal necrotising glmoeruplonephritis
WEGENER 40yo male ANCA

Question 19

Thromboangitis obliterans

Answer 19

smoker (burger)
small medium
tibial radial

Question 20

Henoch schonlein

Answer 20

IgA mediated, TIII hypersensitivity
small vessel
rash legs and buttock
post viral
arthritis, abdominal pain

Question 21

Causes infectious vasculitis

Answer 21

pseudomonas
aspergillus
mucor (moulds)

Question 22

Vena cava syndromes

Answer 22

sup - neoplasms
inf - neoplasm (RCC), thrombosis

Question 23

Lymphangitis cause

Answer 23

group A beta haemolytic strep

Question 24

Idiopathic HTN

Answer 24

90-95%
smoking, obesity, na intake, inactivity

Question 25

malignant HTN

Answer 25

young male African
75% 5y survival
50% regain renal function