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Part 1 Pathophysiology > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

acute lymphadenitis morphology

A

reactive germinal centres with mitotic figures

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2
Q

chronic lymphadenitis morphology

A

Bcell - follicular hyperplasia with oblong germinal centres surrounded by naive b cells
t cell - paracortical hyperplasia

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3
Q

lymphoid sinus histiocytosis cause

A

cancer (drained into lymphocyte)

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4
Q

morphology splenomegaly

A

red pulp congestion then fibrosis
white pulp necrosis from haemolytic strep

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5
Q

Increased bleeding time

A

due to platelet disorders

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6
Q

TTP

A

inherited/ acquired deficiency ADAMTS13
high molecular weight vWF
microthrombi
transient neurological

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7
Q

HUS

A

post viral/ verotoxin producing ecoli

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8
Q

Congenital haemorrhagic disorder plt disfunction

A

Both AR
Bernard soulier GP1b/IX mild bleeding
Thrombasthenia GP11b111a signif bleed

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9
Q

vWD bloo results

A

inc bleeding time and PTT (due to vWF helping VIII stabilisation)

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10
Q

Haemophilia inheritence

A

X linked recessive

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11
Q

Main cause DIC

A

gram -ve sepsis

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12
Q

Order of how common blood types

A

00
A
B
AB

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13
Q

Intravasc/ extravasc haemolysis

A

extra in spleen
both conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia and reduced haptoglobin
intra haemoglbinaemia and haemoglobinurea

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14
Q

G6PD defiicincy

A

X linked
intra and extravasc haemolysis
heinz bodies (also in thalassaemia)

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15
Q

Sickle cell cause

A

substitution valine for glutamic acid on beta globin chain
BM shows normoblastic hyyperplasia

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16
Q

Less severe sickle cell

A

heterozygous, <6m fetal Hb, hydration (otherwise sickle loads)

17
Q

Beta thalassaemia clinical signs

A

iron overload, marrow expansion, haemolytic anaemia

18
Q

Beta thalassaemia major blood smear

A

anisocytosis, hypochromia, target cells, stippled and fragmented RBCs

19
Q

Hydrops fetalis

A

alpha thalassamia no alpha chains, death in utero

20
Q

Warm antibodies

A

autoimmune haemolysis
37 degrees igG
60% idiopathic
lymphoma, leukamia, SLE

21
Q

Cold agglutinins

A

Autoimmune haemolysis <30degrees
IgM and complement
acute mycoplasma and EBV
chronic idiopathic lymphoma

22
Q

Cold haemolysin

A

Autoimmune haemolysis <30 degrees
IgG complement
post infective: measles, mumps, mycoplasma

23
Q

Blood film traumatic haemolysis

A

schistocytes
e.g. metallic valve

24
Q

Megaloblastic anaemia blood film

A

megaloblastic cells, metamyelocytes and hypersegmented neutrophils

25
Q

Iron deficiency anaemia blood levels

A

LOW iron, ferritin, plasma transferrin saturation
INC TIBC

26
Q

Anaemia chronic disease cause and blood levels

A

serum iron low, ferritin high,
TNF and IL1 -> blocked ferroportin macrophages, ferritin stuck in macrophages

27
Q

Basophilia

A

assoc CML and myeloproliferative disorders

28
Q

interleukins causing lymphopoesis

A

CKit ligand and IL7

29
Q

ALL

A

85% pre B cell
children
can have neurological sequelae
anaemia, thrombocytopenia, >30% lymphoblasts
good prognosis

30
Q

CLL

A

most common adult leukaemia
M>F 60yo
hepatosplenomegaly
lymphocytosis
Poor prognosis

31
Q

Burkitts lympmhoma

A

african assoc EBV
other HIV
mature B cells
mandible growth african
ileocaecal or peritoneal mass other

32
Q

Multiple myeloma

A

benz jones protein
MIP1a and RANKL stimulate osteoclasts
renal failure and infection

33
Q

Hodgkins lymphoma

A

common young adults
painless single mass
reed sternberg cells
assoc EBV

34
Q

AML

A

> 20% myeloid blasts in BM
auer rods
M>F 15-39
less CNS involvement than ALL

35
Q

CML

A

splenomegaly ++
basophilia
t(9,22) philadelphia chromosom
BCR-ABL
BM transplant in stable phase curative

36
Q

Polycythaemia vera BM

A

early - ypercellular with giant plts and megakaryocyte fragments
late - marrow fibrosis with extramedullary haematopoesis and organomegally

Part 1 Pathophysiology (15 decks)

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