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Zoology 111 > Vertebrates > Flashcards

Vertebrates Flashcards

1
Q

This is an additional trait of vertebrates that provides support and protection to the nerve chord

A

Vertebral Column

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2
Q

What is the range of the number of chambers of a vertebrate’s heart?

A

2-4

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3
Q

Commonly known as jawless fishes. Are long, rounded and eel-like.

A

Cyclostomes

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4
Q

True or False: Cyclostome’s notochords do not persist throughout life.

A

False

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5
Q

A type of Cyclostome that is marine, eyeless, finless and has no vertebrae.

A

Hagfish

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6
Q

Have ventral, suctorial and circular mouths

A

Cyclostomes

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7
Q

True or False: Do vertebrates retain ALL characteristics of a chordate?

A

True

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8
Q

Have cartilaginous fins but do not have any paired appendages.

A

Cyclostomes

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9
Q

A type of Cyclostome that produces and covers itself with slime as a defense method.

A

Hagfish

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10
Q

A type of Cyclostome that possesses a rudimentary vertebral column.

A

Lamprey

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11
Q

A parasitic type of Cyclostome that mostly lives in freshwater areas, and sometimes migrate to oceans.

A

Lamprey

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12
Q

Which of the Gnathosthomes were the earliest to diverge, appearing in the mid/division period?

A

Fish

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13
Q

Why do sharks and other Chondrichthyans sink when they stop swimming?

A

Because they are denser than water.

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14
Q

Jawed vertebrates, entailing all fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals.

A

Gnathosthomes

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15
Q

Gnathosthomes have small organs that can sense water movement, what are they called?

A

Lateral Line

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16
Q

A type of Gnathostome that has cartilaginous skeletons and has 2 pairs of fins.

A

Chondrichthyans

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17
Q

Gnathosthomes have microscopic pores on their ventral side that can detect electric signals and vibrations, what are these called?

A

Ampulae

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18
Q

True or False: Sharks were one of the earliest animals to develop teeth.

A

True

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19
Q

True or False: Chondrichthyans can barely see.

A

False

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20
Q

Organ that allows water to pass through for breathing.

A

Gills

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21
Q

An organ that allows water to pass through for breathing.

A

Gills

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22
Q

A type of Gnathosthome that has bony skeletons, and contains the most species among all fish classes.

A

Osteichthyans

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23
Q

What fluid do the scales of Osteichthyans produce?

A

Mucous

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24
Q

This is the cut flap that protects the gills of fishes.

A

Operculum

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25
Q

Unlike Chondrichthyans, Osteichthyans do not need to keep swimming to stay buoyant, what body part allows them to do so?

A

Swim Bladder

26
Q

Ray-finned fish

A

Actynopterygii

27
Q

Lobe-finned fish, containing only the Coelacanth and Lungfish

A

Sarcopterygii

28
Q

True or False: Sarcopterygii are found to be ancestors of Actynopterygii

A

False

29
Q

Are called Gnathosthomes with 4 limbs.

A

Tetrapods

30
Q

Are the only vertebrae to have the ability to live well on both land and water.

A

Amphibians

31
Q

The term for when Amphibians breathe out of water.

A

Buccal Pumping

32
Q

Amphibians are prone to drying, why is this?

A

Thin skin

33
Q

How many chambers do the heart of Amphibians have?

A

3

34
Q

True or False: Amphibians can reproduce on land.

A

False

35
Q

Also called Apoda, they are worm-like, tropical Tetrapods.

A

Caecilians

36
Q

Salamanders or ____, have elongated body, tail and 4 short limbs

A

Urodela

37
Q

These are Tetrapods with desiccation-resistant egg.

A

Amniotes

38
Q

This encloses a reserve of nutrients in the egg and gets smaller with age.

A

Yolk Sac

39
Q

What is desiccation?

A

Extreme dryness

40
Q

The disposal sac of the metabolic waste of the Amniotic Egg. This gets bigger with age.

A

Allantois

41
Q

This allows gas exchange between the embryo and its surrounding air.

A

Chorion

42
Q

This is the main protection of the embryo in the amniotic cavity.

A

Amnion

43
Q

True or False: Amniotes fertilize externally.

A

False

44
Q

Tetrapods:Buccal Pumping::Amniotes:____

A

Thoracic Breathing

45
Q

Turtle:Terrestrial::Terrapins:_____

A

Aquatic

46
Q

Instead of teeth, what do turtles use for biting?

A

Beak

47
Q

The egg white, which stores nutrients is called?

A

Albumin

48
Q

What are the 2 main reasons that turtles are slow-moving?

A

Slow metabolism and heavy shell

49
Q

Lizards and Snakes belong to order _____?

A

Squamata

50
Q

Snakes have _____ skulls, which are flexible and jointed, thus allowing them to consume large prey.

A

Kinetic

51
Q

Crocodiles belong to order _____?

A

Crocadilia

52
Q

True or False: Crocs and Alligators have evolved abundantly in the past millions of years.

A

False

53
Q

Crocodiles and _____’s sexes both depend on the temperature of their nest.

A

Turtle

54
Q

Aside from their lungs, what organs do birds use to breathe continuously while flying?

A

Air sacs

55
Q

True or False: Birds have the same amount of organs like all other vertebrates.

A

False

56
Q

Antlers and horns are special features of what class?

A

Mammalia

57
Q

Aside from absorbing temperature, mammal’s fur is also for _____?

A

Sensory, camouflage

58
Q

Mammals have unique tooth structures compared to other animals, what are mammals with different types of teeth called? How about those with uniform teeth?

A

Heterodon, Homodon

59
Q

Give at least 2 unique characteristics of mammals’ enlarged skull

A

Enlarged brain
Single lower jaw bone
3 bones in the middle of the ear
External ears

60
Q

A unique trait of mammals is their ability to digest _____?

A

Plants

Zoology 111 (8 decks)

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