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Zoology 111 > Circulation and Gas Exchange > Flashcards

Circulation and Gas Exchange Flashcards

1
Q

Flatworms’ transport system is mainly composed of their _____

A

Gastrovascular Cavity

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2
Q

Transport gases, nutrients, waste and acts as a hydrostatic skeleton

A

Coelomic Fluid

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3
Q

Circulating fluid of animals with an open circulatory system

A

Hemolymph

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4
Q

Circulating cells or Hemocytes

A

Blood Cells

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5
Q

Transport systems of animals are necessary to maintain ____ or balance

A

Homeostasis

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6
Q

This invertebrate circulates water from their environment as their transport system

A

Sponges

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7
Q

Cnidarians rely on ____ which fills their gastrovascular cavity

A

Fluids

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8
Q

True or False: Flatworms have a complex gastrovascular cavity

A

True

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9
Q

True or False: Animals with shorter diffusion systems have longer or larger bodies

A

False, they have shorter bodies

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10
Q

What are the two classes of invertebrates with separate circulatory systems?

A

Mollusks and Annelids

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11
Q

True or False: In closed circulatory systems, the blood can leave the system at any time or passage

A

False, the blood stays in the vessels

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12
Q

Rotifers use a ____ fluid to transport gases

A

Coelomic

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13
Q

Name at least 2 functions of blood

A
  1. transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
  2. defends against harmful cells or viruses
  3. coagulation / clotting
  4. regulates pH level and body temp.
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14
Q

This is the production of blood which begins in the bone marrow

A

Hematopoiesis

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15
Q

This is the liquid part of the blood; composed of 90% water

A

Plasma

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16
Q

Blood cells are also called ____

A

Hemocytes

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17
Q

This component of blood cells functions for phagocytosis and defense

A

Coelomocytes

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18
Q

Thrombocytes are also called ____

A

Platelets

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19
Q

The shape of this type of blood cells vary based on the animal

A

Red Blood Cells

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20
Q

What is the main purpose of WBC or leukocytes?

A

To pick up waste and protect the body from trauma, injury or illness

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21
Q

What are the two types of leukocytes?

A

Granulocytes & Agranulocytes

22
Q

What is the difference between Granulocytes and Agranulocytes

A

Granulocytes focus on immunity against a specific pathogen while Agranulocytes focus on general immunity

23
Q

Lower vertebrates’ RBC are (higher, lower) in number while (higher, lower) in size

A

Lower, Higher

24
Q

Hemoglobin is an ____-containing protein

A

Iron

25
Q

RBC is mostly composed of ____

A

Hemoglobin

26
Q

These are elastic blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to the organs

A

Arteries

27
Q

These are inelastic, large vessels that carry blood from tissues to the heart

A

Veins

28
Q

This is the meeting point of arteries and veins

A

Capillaries

29
Q

How many chambers does the fish heart have?

A

2: 1 atrium and 1 ventricle

30
Q

The fish heart pumps (deoxygenated, oxygenated) blood into the gills

A

Deoxygenated

31
Q

What structure of the fish reoxygenates its blood?

A

Gills

32
Q

True or False: Amphibians have a completely divided heart

A

False, only partially divided

33
Q

Amphibians also absorb oxygen through their ____

A

Skin

34
Q

True or False: Amphibian blood is highly oxygenated

A

True

35
Q

When reptiles are underwater, the blood pumped into their lungs is redirected to the _____

A

Left Systemic Arch

36
Q

Amphibians and Reptiles have partially divided hearts to allow redirection away from the ____

A

Pulmonary Artery

37
Q

This is the blood pressure when the heart is at rest

A

Diastolic Blood Pressure

38
Q

This is the blood pressure when the heart contracts and blood passes through the arteries

A

Systolic Blood Pressure

39
Q

This type of circulation brings blood to the lungs

A

Pulmonary Circulation

40
Q

This type of circulation is when blood is spread throughout the body to supply tissues cells and organs

A

Systemic Circulation

41
Q

These are thin-walled vessels with valves that ensure the one-way flow of lymphs

A

Lymphatics

42
Q

Derived from the word “lympha” meaning clear water

A

Lymph

43
Q

This respiratory surface is when animals absorb nutrients across their body surfaces

A

Simple Diffussion

44
Q

Terrestrial vertebrates have a ____ system where gases move between tracheoles

A

Tracheal System

45
Q

This type of gas exchange is common in animals w/ moist environments, where they absorb gases through integuments

A

Cutaneous Exhange

46
Q

Aquatic animals breathe through ____

A

Gills

47
Q

What is the sole invertebrae subclass that possesses a distinct breathing structure (Pulmonary Lung)

A

Pulmonata

48
Q

This type of gas exchange supplies about 25% of amphibians’ air

A

Cutaneous Exchange

49
Q

This is the ability of an organism to exchange gases simultaneously with both air and water

A

Bimodal Breathing

50
Q

What are the 2 types of gills?

A

Internal & External

51
Q

Why do birds have unique respiratory organs?

A

To allow for longer breathing during flight

Zoology 111 (8 decks)

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