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Zoology 111 > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

These are specialized cells that secrete or synthesize chemicals

A

Chemical Messengers

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2
Q

Short-distance messengers that act on adjacent cells

A

Local Chemical Messengers

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3
Q

Neuron-secreted chemicals that cross the synaptic cleft to act on target cells

A

Neurotransmitters

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4
Q

Secreted by neurosecretory cells, also called neurohormones

A

Neuropeptides

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5
Q

These are chemical messengers transported externally and affects the behavior of other organisms

A

Pheromones

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6
Q

Transported by the bloodstream into non-adjacent target cells

A

Hormones

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7
Q

These chemical messengers act quickly and can be recycled

A

Neurotransmitters

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8
Q

Body fluids transport these chemical messengers into non-adjacent cells

A

Neuropeptides

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9
Q

These chemical messengers are more common in invertebrates and is their counterpart of hormones

A

Neuropeptides

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10
Q

Hormone was derived from the Greek term ____ which means to set in motion

A

Hormaein

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11
Q

What is the study of endocrine glands and their hormones?

A

Endocrinology

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12
Q

A type of hormone secreted by the thyroid gland

A

Amine

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13
Q

A type of hormone secreted by the ovaries, testes and adrenal glands

A

Steroids

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14
Q

A type of hormone secreted by the pancreas

A

Polypeptides

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15
Q

A type of hormone that is produced in almost all cells of the body and protects from injury and illness

A

Prostaglandins

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16
Q

A type of hormone secreted at the site where it is needed

A

Fatty Acid Derivatives

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17
Q

True or False: Hormones slow down the rate at which substances enter and exit the cell

A

False

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18
Q

True or False: Hormones can stimulate a target cell to produce/synthesize proteins, enzymes etc.

A

True

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19
Q

True or False: Hormones can prompt a target cell to only suppress existing enzymes

A

False

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20
Q

This is used to control the level or amount of hormone production in an organism

A

Feedback Control System

21
Q

A change in a given direction that causes change in the opposite direction

A

Negative Feedback

22
Q

This type of feedback helps in birth contractions and the labor process

A

Positive Feedback

23
Q

A change in a given direction that causes change in the same direction

A

Positive Feedback

24
Q

The malfunction of this type of feedback can cause illness such as diabetes

A

Negative Feedback

25
Q

An invertebrate with no endocrine glands at all

A

Porifera / Sponges

26
Q

Cnidarians have ____-promoting hormones that stimulate budding and regeneration

A

Growth

27
Q

Flatworms and Nemerteans have neuropeptides in their ____

A

Ganglion / Ganglia

28
Q

The neuropeptides of Nematodes control their ____

A

Ecdysis

29
Q

This invertebrate produces Helix, which stimulates spermatogenesis, as well as an egg-laying hormone and growth hormone

A

Mollusks

30
Q

____ have a well-developed nervous system and endocrine control. They are able to produce juvenile, osmoregulatory and hyperglycemic hormones

A

Annelids

31
Q

This hormone is present in Crustaceans and stimulates ecdysis

A

Ecdysone

32
Q

With the absence of the juvenile hormone, Insects undergo ____

A

Metamorphosis

33
Q

The type of gland that secretes hormones into ducts, which empty into the body cavity

A

Exocrine Glands

34
Q

The type of gland that secretes directly onto the tissues and then pass through the vessels to other parts of the body

A

Endocrine Glands

35
Q

True or False: Hormones with same functions among all species are always chemically identical

A

False

36
Q

True or False: Hormones produced by a specific species may still be functional in another

A

True

37
Q

True or False: A hormone from one species will always serve the same function if functional in another species

A

False

38
Q

These two are the main producers of hormones in fish

A

Brain & Spinal Cord

39
Q

This gland is found in the fish brain, it increases pigmentation and is stimulated by light

A

Pineal Gland

40
Q

This is found in the tail area of the fish, this produces neuropeptides that help control water and ion balance

A

Urophysis

41
Q

How does melatonin affect or function in frogs?

A

Changes in skin color

42
Q

This hormone is produced by the Pituitary Gland and stimulates reproductive movement in many animals

A

Prolactin

43
Q

Located in the human brain, called the master controller. This uses info from the NS to signal other glands in the body

A

Hypothalamus

44
Q

Called the master gland, this produces hormones that controls other glands

A

Pituitary Glands

45
Q

Gland responsible for metabolism

A

Thyroid Gland

46
Q

4 tiny glands that control calcium levels

A

Parathyroid

47
Q

Gland that controls white blood cells

A

Thymus

48
Q

Gland that produces insulin and controls level of sugar

A

Pancreas

49
Q

Gland that controls metabolism, blood pressure and sexual development

A

Adrenal Gland

Zoology 111 (8 decks)

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