Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Question 1

This is the type of skeleton in which animals use their body fluids for support and is similar to a water-filled baloon

Answer 1

Hydrostatic Skeleton

Question 2

Hydro means ____ and static means ____

Answer 2

Water, Stand

Question 3

A Hydrostatic Skeleton is a pore of ____ surrounded by a ____ sheet

Answer 3

Liquid, Tenson-resistant

Question 4

A type of skeleton that has locomotor function and has sites for muscle attachment

Answer 4

Rigid Exoskeleton

Question 5

Rigid exoskeletons prevent ____ from drying out

Answer 5

Internal Tissues

Question 6

Rigid Exoskeletons contain ____ crystals that make it hard and inflexible

Answer 6

Calcium Carbonate

Question 7

What part of the skeleton is not inflexible?

Answer 7

Joints

Question 8

_____ or also known as animal rubber is a flexible cuticle in the joints of arthropods

Answer 8

Resilin

Question 9

Type of skeleton that is composed of cartilage and bone tissues

Answer 9

Endoskeleton

Question 10

Endoskeletons store ____ and ____, and create ____ and ____ blood cells

Answer 10

Calcium and Phosphate, Red and White

Question 11

True or False: Fish rely heavily on their skeleton

Answer 11

False, they do not as they are aquatic

Question 12

Why did the skeleton of tetrapods modify heavily during evolution

Answer 12

To support themselves on land

Question 13

What are the 2 main functions of the vertebral discs and planes of tetrapods?

Answer 13

• to absorb shock
• to provide joint mobility

Question 14

What keeps the elevated parts of tetrapod skeleton from sagging?

Answer 14

Connective Tissues

Question 15

What helps the neck move freely?

Answer 15

Shoulders

Question 16

What are the two divisions of the human endoskeleton?

Answer 16

Axial and Appendicular

Question 17

What is included in the axial region?

Answer 17

Skull, Vertebral Column, Ribs and Sternum

Question 18

What is included in the appendicular region?

Answer 18

Appendages, Pectoral and Pelvic Girdles

Question 19

What is the function of girdles?

Answer 19

To attach appendages to the axial skeleton

Question 20

A type of movement that was first observed in amoeba

Answer 20

Amoeboid Movement

Question 21

The plasma membrane has _____ properties that allow amoeboid movement

Answer 21

Adhesive

Question 22

This type of movement occurs in all animal phylum except arthropods

Answer 22

Ciliary and Flagellar Movement

Question 23

_____ are shorter and more abundant while _____ is longer and may occur in pairs

Answer 23

Cilia, Flagella

Question 24

True or False: Cilia movement is coordinated, pairs move in rows

Answer 24

True

Question 25

In what organisms are flagella usually found?

Answer 25

Single-celled eukaryotes, animal sperm and sponges

Question 26

True or False: Ciliary movement cannot reverse

Answer 26

False, cilia can easily reverse

Question 27

A type of movement in which animals move over a firm substratum

Answer 27

Soft-bodied Locomotion

Question 28

How do earthworms move?

Answer 28

They move through alternating waves of contractions of their muscles

Question 29

Leeches and other larvae exhibit a _____ movement with their anterior and posterior suckers

Answer 29

Looping

Question 30

Echinoderms like sea stars have a _____ system that allows them to slightly hop

Answer 30

Water-vascular

Question 31

A type of muscular movement in which animals rely on joints, tendons and ligaments to move

Answer 31

Terrestrial Locomotion

Question 32

True or False: Each arthropod limb is unique

Answer 32

False, arthropod limbs are uniform

Question 33

Arthropods allow ____ and ____ for walking

Answer 33

Extension and Flexion

Question 34

When arthropods jump, there is a quick release of the energy stored in the ____ of their cuticle

Answer 34

Resilin

Question 35

Fish movement rely heavily on large muscles around their ____ and ____

Answer 35

Trunk and Tail

Question 36

These are blocks of muscle in the fish body that form a W shape

Answer 36

Myomeres

Question 37

Myomeres cause _____ or the locomotion of the fish

Answer 37

Lateral Andulation

Question 38

Thick myofilaments are called ____ while thin ones are ____

Answer 38

Myosin, Actin

Question 39

This is a functional unit of a myofibril that extends from one Z-line to another

Answer 39

Sarcomere