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Zoology 111 > Neuron System > Flashcards

Neuron System Flashcards

1
Q

This is a functional unit of the nervous system that produce signals communicated throughout the body

A

Neuron

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2
Q

This is the ability to respond to stimuli

A

Excitability

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3
Q

The ability to conduct a signal

A

Conductability

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4
Q

Also called apparent neurons, they either act as receptors themselves or are activated by them

A

Sensory Neurons

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5
Q

These receive signals from sensory neurons and transmit to motor neurons

A

Interneurons

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6
Q

Also known as effectors or efferent, they send processed information via signals to the body effectors

A

Motor Neurons

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7
Q

The part of the neuron that collects signals

A

Dendrites

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8
Q

Also known as the soma, this part of the neuron integrates incoming signals and generates outgoing signals

A

Cell Body

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9
Q

This passes electrical signals to the dendrites of another cell to an effector

A

Axon

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10
Q

The covering of an axon

A

Myelin Sheath

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11
Q

This is the covering of a myelin sheath that creates its segments/gaps

A

Neurolemmocyte

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12
Q

What is the language or signal of a neuron?

A

Nerve Impulse / Action Potential

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13
Q

The key to a nerve impulse is the neuron’s _____ and its properties

A

Plasma Membrane

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14
Q

This membrane is impermeable to charged ions

A

Lipid Bilayer Membrane

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15
Q

These are special proteins in which ions enter through the neuron

A

Ion Channels

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16
Q

True or False: Ion Channels are always open for passage

A

False, they may close or be inactive

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17
Q

Ion channels that have changed according to voltage are called _____

A

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

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18
Q

What is the purpose of voltage-gated ion channels?

A

To regulate ion concentrations in and out of the cell

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19
Q

Membrane Potential at rest is estimated to be _____

A

-70mV

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20
Q

True or False: The inside of a neuron is mostly negative

A

True, the outside is positive

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21
Q

This is a transport protein that constantly pumps 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions into the cell

A

Sodium-Potassium Pump

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22
Q

Electric Signals are produced by changes in the _____

A

Membrane Potential

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23
Q

Short distance signaling

A

Graded Potential

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24
Q

Long-distance signaling or a momentary reversal of membrane potential

A

Action Potential

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25
This lessens the polarization of the membrane potential and brings it closer to 0
Depolarization
26
When this potential is reached, many ion channels open and the axon fires
Threshold Membrane Potential
27
This is the falling phase after the peak and the exit of potassium ions
Repolarization
28
After repolarization, the membrane potential becomes extremely negative, this is _____
Hyperpolarization
29
This is the rest time after the firing of a neuron
Refractory Period
30
Equilibrium Potential of Sodium (Na)?
+58mV
31
Equilibrium Potential of Potassium (K)?
-93mV
32
This is the period between the dendrites and axon of 2 neurons
Synapse
33
A type of synapse wherein impulses are translated directly from neuron to neuron
Electrical Synapse
34
A type of synapse wherein impulses travel through neurotransmitters
Chemical Synapse
35
Cnidarians have one of the simplest nervous systems, they have a _____ that can move signals bi-directionally over the body
Nerve Net
36
Worms' nervous system move in a forward direction, and their sensory receptors are focused in the head. This makeshift brain containing their nerve and sensory receptors is called _____
Ganglia
37
This is the part of the nervous system of echinoderms that develop in the ectoderm
Ectoneural System
38
This part of the echinoderm nervous system focuses in the motor functions
Hyponeural System
39
True or False: With evolution, the number of interneurons in the brain of vertebrates has decreased
False, they have increased
40
This contains the brain and spinal cord, as well as the integrative and control centers
Central Nervous System (CNS)
41
This contains the cranial and spinal nerves
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
42
Part of the PNS that conducts impulses from receptors to the CNS and contains the somatic and visceral sensory nerve fibers
Sensory Division
43
Part of the PNS that conducts impulses from CNS to effectors and contains the motor nerve fibers
Motor Division
44
The voluntary nervous system, it conducts impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles
Somatic NS
45
The involuntary nervous system, it conducts impulses from the CNS to the cardiac, smooth muscles and glands
Autonomic NS
46
This part of the Autonomic NS mobilizes the body systems during activity
Sympathetic
47
This part of the Autonomic NS conserves energy and promotes housekeeping during rest
Parasympathetic
48
This is the link between the brain and the rest of the body
Spinal Cord
49
This is the predictable, involuntary response to stimuli
Reflex
50
What does the neural canal of the spinal cord contain?
3 spinal fluids
51
This part of the spinal cord consists of cell bodies and dendrites and is concerned with reflex connections
Gray Matter
52
True or False: During embryonic development, the vertebral brain expands into a hollow tube of muscle tissue
False, it develops into nervous tissue
53
These consist of cells that can convert environmental stimuli into nerve impulses
Sensory Receptors
54
These receptors detect mechanical changes
Tactile Receptors
55
These receptors detect changes in pressure
Baroreceptors
56
A function of the lateral line system in the head and body of fish consists of sensory pores in the epidermis and detects objects and locations in the water
Electric Sensing
57
A function of the lateral line that can be excited by sound, touch or muscular contractions
Mechanoreception
58
Mechanoreceptors of fish and amphibians are called _____?
Neuromasts
59
An apparatus of the ear that focuses on hearing
Auditory Apparatus
60
An apparatus of the ear that focuses on posture and equilibrium in the air
Vestibular Apparatus
61
These are pain receptors or receive damaging stimuli
Nociceptors
62
Can be sonar or biosonar and can determine distance and depth
Echolocation
63
Cells for smell, each ends in cilia with receptor sites
Olfactory Epithelium Anatomy

Zoology 111 (8 decks)

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