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Zoology 111 > Integumentary Systems > Flashcards

Integumentary Systems Flashcards

1
Q

This is the external covering of an animal that protects it from mechanical and chemical injury

A

Integument

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2
Q

Give at least 3 additional functions of integuments

A
  • regulation of body temperature
  • formation of vitamin D
  • excretion of waste
  • locomotion of nutrients and gases
  • resistance to pain and pressure
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3
Q

What serves as the integument of single-celled eukaryotes?

A

Plasma Membrane

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4
Q

A thick protein coat surrounding the plasma membrane. This offers protection and transports the force of cilia and flagella for locomotive processes

A

Pellicle

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the plasma membrane in single-cellular animals?

A

Allows diffusion and the intake of surrounding nutrients

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6
Q

What is the integument of multi-celled invertebrates made of?

A

A single layer of columnar epithelial cells

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7
Q

The epidermis of many animals rests on a _____

A

Basement Membrane

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8
Q

Epidermal cells may possess _____ and _____

A

Cilia and Glandular Cells

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9
Q

What is secreted by glandular cells?

A

Non-cellular material that envelopes the surface of the animal

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10
Q

What does a cuticle in the epidermis contain?

A

Protein

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11
Q

What is the disadvantage of having cuticle in the integument?

A

Animals struggle to outgrow it

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12
Q

The shedding of the outermost layer of the epidermis is called?

A

Molting or Ecdysis

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13
Q

Arthropods undergo _____, where the old exoskeleton is separated from the epidermis

A

Apolysis

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14
Q

How many layers of epidermis do cnidarians have?

A

1

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15
Q

What is the purpose of corals’ mucocytes

A

To secrete shells that form the reefs

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16
Q

Flukes and tapeworms have _____ for nutrient ingestion and protection against digestion of their host

A

Tegument

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17
Q

What is the integument of vertebrates

A

Skin

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18
Q

The outermost layer of epithelial tissue

A

Epidermis

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19
Q

A layer of skin that consists of loose connective tissue, adipose tissue, and nerve endings

A

Hypodermis

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20
Q

A connective tissue network of various fibers (skin layer)

A

Dermis

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21
Q

True or False: Jawless fishes have thin skin

A

False

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22
Q

What type of cells secretes the gland of hagfish?

A

Glandular cells

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23
Q

Cartilaginous fishes have multi-layered integument that contains ______ and _____

A

Mucous and Sensory Cells

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24
Q

The dentricle, which contains blood vessels and nerves, can be found in the dermis of what animal?

A

Cartilaginous fish or Chondrichthyans

25
True or False: Number of dentricles stay the same throughout the fish's lifetime
False, they increase with age
26
What gives the skin of fish their sandpaper texture?
Worn out or grown out dentricles
27
What type of fish has scales?
Bony fish or Osteichthyans
28
True or False: Fish do NOT shed their scales
True, they only grow at the margin
29
Scales are made of?
Dermal bone
30
Why are the scales of fish permeable?
To allow gas exchange
31
The dermis of bony fish is richly equipped with _____ to assist in the respiratory process
Capillary beds
32
Why does the epidermis of fish produce mucous? (3 reasons)
- to prevent infection - to prevent friction when swimming - to produce photophores (luring chemicals or bioluminescence)
33
True or False: Amphibians have a stratified epidermis
True
34
Amphibian's dermis contains mucous and _____
Serous Gland
35
Why does the dermis of amphibians produce mucous? (3 reasons)
- to prevent desiccation - to facilitate gas exchange - to make their body slimy for escape from predators
36
Amphibian's epidermis have free nerve endings and their warts contain _____
Sensory Cells
37
The dermis of amphibians also have _____ glands which make them bad tasting and deters predators
Poison
38
What is the outermost layer of the reptilian epidermis called?
Stratum Corneum
39
The stratum corneum of non-avian reptiles have modified into keratinized scales or _____
Scutes
40
The stratum corneum can also form?
Beaks, Rattles and Claws
41
What is the difference between the skin of avian reptiles to non-avian reptiles?
Avian skin does not have as many epidermal glands
42
What is the function of the preen gland of birds?
It secretes oil onto the bird feathers
43
What makes the dermis of birds so thick?
Air Spaces
44
Bird feathers have smooth muscle fibers that control direction. Why is the direction of feathers important?
It affects flying, temperature and the behavior of the bird
45
What is the distinguishing feature of mammal skin?
Hair
46
Describe the epidermis of mammals
Highly stratified and cornified and made up of squamous epithelium
47
As the cells of animal skin are pushed towards the outer layer, they produce water-proofing _____ and die
Glycolipid
48
What are the 2 main functions of the keratinized epidermis of mammals?
- to prevent dehydration - to protect from toxic substances and microorganisms
49
Name at least 3 contents of the mammal dermis
- blood cells - lymphatic cells - nerve endings - hair follicles - small muscles - sensory receptors and glands
50
Name at least 2 of the contents of mammal hypodermis
- loose connective tissue - adipose tissue - skeletal muscles
51
Sweat glans or _____ glands maintain homeostasis and body temperature
Sudoriferous
52
Sudoriferous glands also excrete _____ that animals use to communicate
Pheromones
53
Sebaceous glands or _____ glands are connected to hair follicles and serve as lubricant and protectiob
Oil
54
What is the pigment that gives skin color to humans?
Melanin
55
True or False: Dark-skinned animals are usually bad-tasting, toxic, or venomous
False, bright-skinned ones are
56
Hair is mostly composed of ______ and ______
Protein and Keratin
57
What are the other functions of skin colors?
- camouflage - to identify sex, status etc
58
This is a smooth muscle that can make hair stand
Arrector Pili muscle
59
What are the other modifications of the epidermis?
Nails and Baleen Plates

Zoology 111 (8 decks)

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