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Zoology 111 > Integumentary Systems > Flashcards

Integumentary Systems Flashcards

1
Q

This is the external covering of an animal that protects it from mechanical and chemical injury

A

Integument

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2
Q

Give at least 3 additional functions of integuments

A
  • regulation of body temperature
  • formation of vitamin D
  • excretion of waste
  • locomotion of nutrients and gases
  • resistance to pain and pressure
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3
Q

What serves as the integument of single-celled eukaryotes?

A

Plasma Membrane

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4
Q

A thick protein coat surrounding the plasma membrane. This offers protection and transports the force of cilia and flagella for locomotive processes

A

Pellicle

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the plasma membrane in single-cellular animals?

A

Allows diffusion and the intake of surrounding nutrients

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6
Q

What is the integument of multi-celled invertebrates made of?

A

A single layer of columnar epithelial cells

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7
Q

The epidermis of many animals rests on a _____

A

Basement Membrane

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8
Q

Epidermal cells may possess _____ and _____

A

Cilia and Glandular Cells

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9
Q

What is secreted by glandular cells?

A

Non-cellular material that envelopes the surface of the animal

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10
Q

What does a cuticle in the epidermis contain?

A

Protein

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11
Q

What is the disadvantage of having cuticle in the integument?

A

Animals struggle to outgrow it

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12
Q

The shedding of the outermost layer of the epidermis is called?

A

Molting or Ecdysis

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13
Q

Arthropods undergo _____, where the old exoskeleton is separated from the epidermis

A

Apolysis

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14
Q

How many layers of epidermis do cnidarians have?

A

1

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15
Q

What is the purpose of corals’ mucocytes

A

To secrete shells that form the reefs

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16
Q

Flukes and tapeworms have _____ for nutrient ingestion and protection against digestion of their host

A

Tegument

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17
Q

What is the integument of vertebrates

A

Skin

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18
Q

The outermost layer of epithelial tissue

A

Epidermis

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19
Q

A layer of skin that consists of loose connective tissue, adipose tissue, and nerve endings

A

Hypodermis

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20
Q

A connective tissue network of various fibers (skin layer)

A

Dermis

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21
Q

True or False: Jawless fishes have thin skin

A

False

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22
Q

What type of cells secretes the gland of hagfish?

A

Glandular cells

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23
Q

Cartilaginous fishes have multi-layered integument that contains ______ and _____

A

Mucous and Sensory Cells

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24
Q

The dentricle, which contains blood vessels and nerves, can be found in the dermis of what animal?

A

Cartilaginous fish or Chondrichthyans

25
Q

True or False: Number of dentricles stay the same throughout the fish’s lifetime

A

False, they increase with age

26
Q

What gives the skin of fish their sandpaper texture?

A

Worn out or grown out dentricles

27
Q

What type of fish has scales?

A

Bony fish or Osteichthyans

28
Q

True or False: Fish do NOT shed their scales

A

True, they only grow at the margin

29
Q

Scales are made of?

A

Dermal bone

30
Q

Why are the scales of fish permeable?

A

To allow gas exchange

31
Q

The dermis of bony fish is richly equipped with _____ to assist in the respiratory process

A

Capillary beds

32
Q

Why does the epidermis of fish produce mucous? (3 reasons)

A
  • to prevent infection
  • to prevent friction when swimming
  • to produce photophores (luring chemicals or bioluminescence)
33
Q

True or False: Amphibians have a stratified epidermis

A

True

34
Q

Amphibian’s dermis contains mucous and _____

A

Serous Gland

35
Q

Why does the dermis of amphibians produce mucous? (3 reasons)

A
  • to prevent desiccation
  • to facilitate gas exchange
  • to make their body slimy for escape from predators
36
Q

Amphibian’s epidermis have free nerve endings and their warts contain _____

A

Sensory Cells

37
Q

The dermis of amphibians also have _____ glands which make them bad tasting and deters predators

A

Poison

38
Q

What is the outermost layer of the reptilian epidermis called?

A

Stratum Corneum

39
Q

The stratum corneum of non-avian reptiles have modified into keratinized scales or _____

A

Scutes

40
Q

The stratum corneum can also form?

A

Beaks, Rattles and Claws

41
Q

What is the difference between the skin of avian reptiles to non-avian reptiles?

A

Avian skin does not have as many epidermal glands

42
Q

What is the function of the preen gland of birds?

A

It secretes oil onto the bird feathers

43
Q

What makes the dermis of birds so thick?

A

Air Spaces

44
Q

Bird feathers have smooth muscle fibers that control direction. Why is the direction of feathers important?

A

It affects flying, temperature and the behavior of the bird

45
Q

What is the distinguishing feature of mammal skin?

A

Hair

46
Q

Describe the epidermis of mammals

A

Highly stratified and cornified and made up of squamous epithelium

47
Q

As the cells of animal skin are pushed towards the outer layer, they produce water-proofing _____ and die

A

Glycolipid

48
Q

What are the 2 main functions of the keratinized epidermis of mammals?

A
  • to prevent dehydration
  • to protect from toxic substances and microorganisms
49
Q

Name at least 3 contents of the mammal dermis

A
  • blood cells
  • lymphatic cells
  • nerve endings
  • hair follicles
  • small muscles
  • sensory receptors and glands
50
Q

Name at least 2 of the contents of mammal hypodermis

A
  • loose connective tissue
  • adipose tissue
  • skeletal muscles
51
Q

Sweat glans or _____ glands maintain homeostasis and body temperature

A

Sudoriferous

52
Q

Sudoriferous glands also excrete _____ that animals use to communicate

A

Pheromones

53
Q

Sebaceous glands or _____ glands are connected to hair follicles and serve as lubricant and protectiob

A

Oil

54
Q

What is the pigment that gives skin color to humans?

A

Melanin

55
Q

True or False: Dark-skinned animals are usually bad-tasting, toxic, or venomous

A

False, bright-skinned ones are

56
Q

Hair is mostly composed of ______ and ______

A

Protein and Keratin

57
Q

What are the other functions of skin colors?

A
  • camouflage
  • to identify sex, status etc
58
Q

This is a smooth muscle that can make hair stand

A

Arrector Pili muscle

59
Q

What are the other modifications of the epidermis?

A

Nails and Baleen Plates

Zoology 111 (8 decks)

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