Vertebrate Morphology (King Toad) Flashcards
What are some features in the toad’s mouth ?
Internal nares, Vocal sac, esophagus, Eustachian tubes, Glottis, maxillary teeth, Vomerine teeth and tongue
What are some features on a toad’s head ?
External nares, tympanic membrane.
How does the tongue attached to the Toad’s ?
It is attached to the front of the toad’s mouth.
Explain how food moves through the frog’s mouth and the purpose of each part. (from the buccal cavity to the ileum)
Food first enters the buccal cavity and it travels down the oesophagus, it is a muscular tube that carries food down to the stomach through muscular contractions.
When the food enters the stomach, it serves as a storage and mixing chamber. It is broken down by acidic secretions and churned by muscular contractions. The stomach aids in the release of partially digested food into the intestines through the pyloric sphincter.
The pyloric sphincter regulates food flow also know as chyme. It contracts and relaxes to ensure that the chyme is received by the small intestines in manageable amounts to optimise digestion and absorption.
The duodenum is the first part of the small intestines which connects to the stomach. Its function is to mix digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas and the bile from the liver and gallbladder with the chyme.
The ileum is the last and longest part of the intestines. Its primary function is to absorb nutrients from the partially digested chyme which enters from the duodenum. Because of the villi, it increases the surface area to maximizes nutrient absorption.
Where does the glottis lead to ?
It is lead to the lungs
Where does the eustachian tubes lead to ?
The Eustachian tubes lead to the ears.
What are the vocal sacs for and why are they only present in males .
Their purpose is for attracting mates.
Suggest the general Internal anatomy of the King Toad.
The viscera which is a term for all the internal organs in the body cavity is covered by the peritoneum, where it forms a double layer that supports the mesentery. Therefore the coelom contains no organs as the viscera lies outside of the peritoneum.
What is the description of a the oesophagus?
The oesophagus is a muscular tube that passes from the buccal cavity to the anterior end of stomach.
What is the description of the stomach?
The stomach is a large tubular organ posterior to the liver.
What is the description of the Pyloric sphincter ?
It is a muscular ring located at the junction between the stomach and the small intestines.
What is the description of the Duodenum ?
the duodenum is the first part of the small intestines leading back to the stomach. It loops back to lie parallel to the stomach.
What is the description of the ileum ?
The ileum is the longest part of the small intestines which is a narrow tube slung in the mesentery.
What is the description and function of the mesentery ?
The mesentery is a thin transparent membrane that attaches the small intestines and the other digestive organs to the dorsal body wall. It supports and suspends the organs in the abdominal cavity. It also prevents the digestive tracts from twisting and tangling.
What is the description of the large intestines and its function?
The large intestines is a short wide tube merging into a narrower chamber called the cloaca. It is responsible for the absorption of water and electrolytes from the reminder indigestible material. It also aids with the formation and the elimination of of feces by compacting the waste material into solid pellets.
