Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL1131 > Evolution and Classification (Wk1) > Flashcards

Evolution and Classification (Wk1) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Parts of a Phylogeny Tree ?

A

Tips -> A Single terminal brunch involving an individual

Internode -> Indicates a inferred common ancestor

Root -> Common ancestor of all tips in phylogeny

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 6 kingdoms

A

Protista, Fungi, Archaea, Bacteria, Plantae, Animalia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote ?

A

A prokaryote is an organism that lacks a membrane

A eukaryote are organism that have membrane bound nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which Phyla are Eukaryotic, Prokaryotic

A

Eukaryotic: Fungi, Plantae, Animalia, Protista

Prokaryotic: Bacteria and Archaea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which Phyla are categorised under Unicellular and Multicellular ?

A

Unicellular: Protista, Archaea, Bacteria

Multicellular: Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which Phyla has complex internal organs ?

A

Animalia, Plantae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the definition of autotrophic and heterotrophic? and what are the Phyla categorized under Autotrophic and Heterotrophic?

A

Autotrophic is where an organism able to making their own food and the kingdom thats autotroph would be plantae

Heterotrophic is where an organism is not able of making their own food and must obtain food from other organisms. Examples are Kingdom Animalia and Fungi.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are 2 (in no specific order) are some major transitions in evolutionary history?

A

The first Eukaryotic cells and the first multicellular organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the Key events in Evolutionary History ?

A

1) Origin of self replicating molecules capable of heredity
2) Transition of RNA to DNA and Proteins
3) The first cells
4) The first eukaryotic cells
5) The first Sexual Reproduction
6) The first Multicellular organism
7) Complexity in Multicellular Organism
8) Individuality and gametes
9) Sociality (living in groups)
10) Eusociality (Complex societies)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is endosymbiosis ?

A

Endosymbiosis is where an independent bacteria species resides in a cell. The smaller cell would help to produce food and energy and the larger cell will provide protection. which eventually became an obligate relationship.

the mitochondria of the cell begin to merge with a chloroplast.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the ancestors to plants ?

A

Ancient protozoan with mitochondria and chloroplasts.

presence of ancient cyanobacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the ancestors to fungi and animals ?

A

The cells contained ancient protozoan with mitochondria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do Multicellular Organisms arise ?

A
  1. Staying together (colonial cells don’t separate after replication, this can be due to a mutation)
  2. Coming together (Free living cells come together)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 9 Phylas in Animalia ?

A

Chordata, Echinodermata, Porifera, Cnidarians, Annelida, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Arthropoda, Mollusca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the key traits to look out for when differentiating phyla ?

A

1) cleavage pattern
2) symmetry
3) tissue layer
4) body cavities
5) segmentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the type of tissue layers ?

A

Monoblastic, diploblastic, Triploblastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the types of Cleavage patterns ?

and what are their meanings ?

A

Protostomes. Are organisms that develop the mouth as their first embryonic opening.
Example would be Mollusc and Annelids.

Deuterostomes. Are organisms that develop the anus as their first embryonic opening.
Example would be Chordata and Echinodermata.

18
Q

What are the types of body cavities ?

A

1) Coelomate (cavity within the mesoderm)
2) Pseudocoelomate (cavity between the endoderm and the mesoderm)
3) Acoelomate (no cavity)

19
Q

What is Diffusion ?

A

Diffusion is the movement of a solute from high concentration to low concentration until chemical equilibrium is reached

20
Q

What is a way an organism can increase the surface area for diffusion ?

A

The organism can create folds in their body to increase the surface area.

21
Q

Which Phyla do not have a coelom ?

A

Porifera, Platyhelminthes, cnidarians

22
Q

What are the few ways an organism can increase the rate of diffusion ?

A

1) Creating folds
2) Flattening body
3) Coelom (body cavity, increases proximity to fluid reservoir)

22
Q

What is the function of a Coelom ?

A

A coelom can act as a hydrostatic skeleton, it acts as a buffer for internal organs, acts as a storage for nutrients and wastes and can aid in decreasing the distance for diffusion.

23
Q

What is the purpose for transport systems ?

A

Transport systems aid in the movement of fluids in the body to reduce the distance for diffusion.

There are 4 transport systems, 1) Digestive, 2) Respiratory, 3) Circulatory, 4) Excretory

24
Q

What kind of gut does a porifera have ?

A

Porifera’s have no Gut, but they create water currents to maximise feeding.

25
Q

Which Phylas have a straight through gut ?

A

Mollusca, Annelids, Chordata, Arthropods, Nematoda,

25
Q

What kind of guts do the Platyhelminthes and Cnidarians have ?

A

They have a blind ended gut. Which only has one opening.

26
Q

What kind of guts do Echinoderms have?

A

Their guts differ depending on their diet, they have a simple system, however their stomachs are able to be evert out for external digestion.

27
Q

What are the special features of a Platyhelminthes excretory system ?

A

They possess specialised cells known as flame cells, which are excretory cells that function similarly to kidneys, by removing waste materials through filtration.

28
Q

What is the excretory system of the nematode phyla.

A

They have a simple channel.

29
Q

How do echinoderms excrete waste?

A

They excrete waste through their tube feet and coelom

30
Q

What is the excretory features of a Chordate?

A

Most chordates have kidneys,

31
Q

What is the special feature of the excretory system for Annelids and Mollusca phyla ?

A

They have nephridiopores leading from the coelom to the exterior. Pores that connect from the kidneys to the external skin to excrete metabolic waste and fluid.

32
Q

What are the Phyla that exchange gas through diffusion?

A

Porifera, Cnidarians, Platyhelminthes, Echinodermata, Annelids, Nematodes

33
Q

What are the Phyla that breathe through gills/ Lungs ?

A

Some Annelids, Mollusc, Chordates, Arthropods.

34
Q

What kind of Circulatory systems do porifera and cnidarians have?

A

They have no specific Circulatory systems

35
Q

What is the type of Circulatory system Nematodes and echinoderms have ?

A

They use coelomates/ body cavities

35
Q

Mollusc and arthropods have what kind of Circulatory system?

A

they have a open blood system and a simple heart.

36
Q

what other type of Circulatory systems do Echinoderms have ?

A

They have a fine hydrostatic skeleton that works for circulating fluid.

37
Q

What kind of circulatory system do annelids have ?

A

Annelids have a close blood system, with pumps.

38
Q

What is the circulatory system of a chordate ?

A

most chordates have a closed system and usually a muscular heart. however some organisms differ such as the tunicate.

BIOL1131 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions