Vertebrate Biology

Question 1

phylum chordata subphylums?

Answer 1

• urochordata: tunicates
• cephlachordata: lancelets
• vertebrata: agnathans, fish, sharks, tetrapods

Question 2

most ancient and diverse of clade vartebrata?

Answer 2

fish

Question 3

class agnatha?

Answer 3

• no bone
• 5 to 15 gills
• eggs deposited at sea; direct development

Question 4

lamprey

Answer 4

• no bone
• well developed eyes
• 7 pair of gills
• eggs deposited in freshwater, freshwater larva

Question 5

gnathostomes

Answer 5

• jawed fish

Question 6

what was the “age of fishes?”

Answer 6

devonian fishes

Question 7

class placodermi

Answer 7

• extinct; early jaw fish
• bony armor around head
• no true teeth

Question 8

chondricthyes

Answer 8

• jaws w/ teeth
• sacles; denticle
• 5 to 7 gills
• spiral valve intesine
• lateral line
• heterocercal tail

Question 9

modern shark feeding types?

Answer 9

• planktivores
• carnivores
• parasites (cookie cutter sharks)

Question 10

ovipary

Answer 10

eggs enclosed in capsule; laid and hatched outside mother

Question 11

ovovipary

Answer 11

give birth to young, eggs develop in uterus

Question 12

vivipary

Answer 12

give birth to young, placental connection

Question 13

class osteichthyes

Answer 13

• jaws w/ teeth
• bony skeleton
• paired fins
• 4 gill pairs
• simple intestine

Question 14

superorder chondrostei

Answer 14

• heterocercal tail
• persistent notochord

Question 15

superorder holostei

Answer 15

• single dorsal swim bladder
• vertebral central often at least partly ossified
• modernized jaws

Question 16

bony fishes two major lineages

Answer 16

• rayfinned
• lobefinned

Question 17

subclass dipnoi

Answer 17

lungfish

Question 18

subclass crossopterygii

Answer 18

• pair appendages
• may have given rise to terrestrial tetrapods

Question 19

coalacanth

Answer 19

living fossil

Question 20

tiktalak

Answer 20

fish that came onto land

Question 21

acanthostega

Answer 21

eight digits

Question 22

ichthyostega

Answer 22

transition fossil from water to terrestrial tetrapod

Question 23

class amphibia characteristics

Answer 23

• returns to water to breed
• metamorphosis
• poisonous

Question 24

class reptilia

Answer 24

• have scaled
• amniotic egg
• dry skin
• 3 chamber heart

Question 25

crocs, aligators, gharials

Answer 25

• 4 chamber hearts

Question 26

class mammalia

Answer 26

• have fur/hair
• mammary glands
• 3 middle ear bones

Question 27

therapsid

Answer 27

mammal-like reptile

Question 28

prototherians (Monotremes)

Answer 28

• Egg-laying, aquatic predators on arthropods and worms
• Milk oozes from the skin (no breasts).
• Electroreception

Question 29

metatheria (Marsupials)

Answer 29

• pouched mammals.
• most diverse in Australia and South America.
• they share complex type of molar tooth shape with placental mammals

Question 30

eutheria (Placentals)

Answer 30

• nourish their young internally with a placenta
• Later placentals are spectacularly diverse

Question 31

how do mammals communicate?

Answer 31

pheromones