Biotechnology Flashcards
vegetative propagation
asexual method of plant reproduction that occurs in its leaves, roots and stem
veg. propagation examples?
totipotent cells, callus
grafting
tissues of plants are joined so as to continue their growth together
genetic modification example
bt corn
benefits of genetically engineered corn
90% less fungal toxin that causes cancer and birth defects
genetic engineering for human health
- modified cassava for world hunger
- increase iron and beta carotene
transgene escape
transgenes making thier way into wild weeds…creating “superweeds”
roots
absorb nutrients and water
what does a stem consist of?
nodes and internodes
nodes
the points at which leaves are attached
internodes
stem segments between nodes
what does a leaf consist of
flattened blade, a stalk (petiole); joins leaf to node
common type of plant cell
parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma
sclerenchyma
dead at functional maturity
cells of ___ are alive at maturity
phloem
what do apical meristems do?
elongate shoots and roots; “primary growth”
lateral meristems
thickness to woody plants; secondary growth
vascular cambium
adds layers of seocndary xylem and phloem
cork cambium
replace the epidermis with periderm; thicker and tougher
ways to increase plant size?
- cell number
- cell expansion
what restricts cell elongation
cellulose microfibrils
mechanism used by plant cells
position-dependent
mechanism used by animal cells
lineage-dependent