Protists

Question 1

when did the first eukaryotic organism develop?

Answer 1

1.5 billion years ago

Question 2

endosymbiosis

Answer 2

process where one prokaryote lives inside another becoming dependent upon on each other

Question 3

what are composed of eukaryotic cells

Answer 3

protists, fungi, plants, animals

Question 4

plastids

Answer 4

were prokaryotes that invaded or were engulfed by larger cells

Question 5

ancestral chloroplasts were…

Answer 5

photosynthetic, prokaryotes that became endosymbionts

Question 6

describe the kingdom Protista

Answer 6

• eukaryotic
• unicellular (mostly)
• heterotrophic and photoautotrophic forms
• 11 phyla

Question 7

binary fission

Answer 7

splits into two asexually

Question 8

multiple fission

Answer 8

producing more than two individuals

Question 9

reproducing sexually by conjugation

Answer 9

opposite mating strains join and exchange genetic material

Question 10

what are the five super groups

Answer 10

excavata, chromoalveolata, rhizaria, archaeplastida, unikonta

Question 11

what are the three informal groups of the kingdom Protista

Answer 11

• animal like
• fungi like
• plant like (algal)

Question 12

what are some animal-like protists

Answer 12

• amoeba
• ciliates
• flagellates

Question 13

describe an amoeba structure

Answer 13

made of calcium carbonate and radiate projections

Question 14

describe forminifera

Answer 14

• animal like protists
• near tropics
• most have symbiotic algae
• cover 36% of ocean floor

Question 15

describe Ciliophora (“ciliates”)

Answer 15

• animal like protist
• largest most homogenous
• share few characteristics with others

Question 16

describe Zooflagellates

Answer 16

• move using flagella
• animal like
• sleeping sickness fly, kissing bug, sand fly, and Giardiasis are all parasites

Question 17

what’s Tsetse fly?

Answer 17

african sleeping sickness

Question 18

what’s the chagas disease

Answer 18

kissing bug

Question 19

what parasite causes malaria

Answer 19

plasmodium (half-life in human and other half in mosquitoes)

Question 20

describe fungus-like protists

Answer 20

• some unicellular, others hyphae
• decomposers, parasites
• cell walls = cellulose
• name after reproductive method

Question 21

Oomycota Reproduction

Answer 21

the “egg fundi” a relatively large egg cell is fertilized by a smaller “sperm nucleus,” forming a resistant zygote

Question 22

describe the phylum Myxomycota (“slime molds”)

Answer 22

• fungus like
• bright colors
• moving “slime mass”
• acellular body

Question 23

what are the plant-like protists

Answer 23

• dinoflagellates
• diatoms
• euglena
• coccolithophore
• green, brown, and red algae

Question 24

describe dinoflagellates

Answer 24

• plant like
• marine and freshwater
• phylum Pyrrophyta
• some live in corals
• cause red tide

Question 25

HAB

Answer 25

harmful algal bloom

Question 26

PSP

Answer 26

paraletic shellfish poisoning

Question 27

describe diatoms

Answer 27

• phylum Bacillariophyta
• link to green algae

Question 28

describe the divison “cholorphyta”

Answer 28

• “green algae”
• mostly freshwater or terrestrial
• some marine

Question 29

division “phaeophyta”

Answer 29

• brown algae
• marine habitats
• “giant kelp forests”

Question 30

division “rhodophyta”

Answer 30

• “red algae”
• mostly in marine habitats