Protists Flashcards
Unit 6
when did the first eukaryotic organism develop?
1.5 billion years ago
endosymbiosis
process where one prokaryote lives inside another becoming dependent upon on each other
what are composed of eukaryotic cells
protists, fungi, plants, animals
plastids
were prokaryotes that invaded or were engulfed by larger cells
ancestral chloroplasts were…
photosynthetic, prokaryotes that became endosymbionts
describe the kingdom Protista
- eukaryotic
- unicellular (mostly)
- heterotrophic and photoautotrophic forms
- 11 phyla
binary fission
splits into two asexually
multiple fission
producing more than two individuals
reproducing sexually by conjugation
opposite mating strains join and exchange genetic material
what are the five super groups
excavata, chromoalveolata, rhizaria, archaeplastida, unikonta
what are the three informal groups of the kingdom Protista
- animal like
- fungi like
- plant like (algal)
what are some animal-like protists
- amoeba
- ciliates
- flagellates
describe an amoeba structure
made of calcium carbonate and radiate projections
describe forminifera
- animal like protists
- near tropics
- most have symbiotic algae
- cover 36% of ocean floor
describe Ciliophora (“ciliates”)
- animal like protist
- largest most homogenous
- share few characteristics with others
describe Zooflagellates
- move using flagella
- animal like
- sleeping sickness fly, kissing bug, sand fly, and Giardiasis are all parasites
what’s Tsetse fly?
african sleeping sickness
what’s the chagas disease
kissing bug
what parasite causes malaria
plasmodium (half-life in human and other half in mosquitoes)
describe fungus-like protists
- some unicellular, others hyphae
- decomposers, parasites
- cell walls = cellulose
- name after reproductive method
Oomycota Reproduction
the “egg fundi” a relatively large egg cell is fertilized by a smaller “sperm nucleus,” forming a resistant zygote
describe the phylum Myxomycota (“slime molds”)
- fungus like
- bright colors
- moving “slime mass”
- acellular body
what are the plant-like protists
- dinoflagellates
- diatoms
- euglena
- coccolithophore
- green, brown, and red algae
describe dinoflagellates
- plant like
- marine and freshwater
- phylum Pyrrophyta
- some live in corals
- cause red tide
HAB
harmful algal bloom
PSP
paraletic shellfish poisoning
describe diatoms
- phylum Bacillariophyta
- link to green algae
describe the divison “cholorphyta”
- “green algae”
- mostly freshwater or terrestrial
- some marine
division “phaeophyta”
- brown algae
- marine habitats
- “giant kelp forests”
division “rhodophyta”
- “red algae”
- mostly in marine habitats
