Plant Diversity Pt.2 Flashcards

Chapter 30

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1
Q

when did seed plants originate

A

360 million years ago

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2
Q

seed

A

embryo and nutrients surrounded by protective coat

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3
Q

when were plants domesticated?

A

8,000 years ago

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4
Q

what factors are common to seed plants

A
  1. reduced gametophytes
  2. heterospory
  3. ovules
  4. pollen
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5
Q

the ancestors of seed plants were likely ____sporous

A

homosporous, while seed plants are heterosporous

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6
Q

megasporangia

A

give rise to female gametophytes

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7
Q

microsporangia

A

give rise to male gametophytes

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8
Q

what does an ovule consist of?

A

megasporangium, megaspore, 1+ protective integuments

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9
Q

how many integuments do gymnosperm megaspores have?

A

one

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10
Q

how many integuments do angiosperm megaspores have?

A

two

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11
Q

what evol. advantages to seeds provide over spores?

A
  • remain dormant until favorable conditions
  • supply stored food
  • transported long distances
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12
Q

progymnosperms

A

late Denovian plants that began to acquire adaptations that characterized seed plants

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13
Q

when did angiosperms begin to replace gymnosperms

A

near Mesozoic

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14
Q

angiosperms today…?

A

dominate terrestrial ecosystems

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15
Q

conifers

A

cone-bearing gymnosperms that dominate in northern latitudes

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16
Q

four phyla of gymnosperms

A
  1. cycadophyta
  2. ginkgophyta
  3. gnetophyta
  4. coniferophyta
17
Q

cycadophyta

A

large cones, palm leaves
–> thirved during Mesozoic but few today

18
Q

gingkophyta

A

one living species: Gingko biloba
—> high tolerance to air pollution/population ornamental tree

19
Q

gnetophyta

A

three genera
- vary in appearance deserts to tropics

20
Q

coniferophyta

A

largest of gymnosperm phyla
- most evergreen and photosynthesis year-round

21
Q

oldest living organism

A

bristlecone pine

22
Q

three features of gymnosperm life cycle

A
  1. dom. sporophyte gen
  2. dev. of seeds from fertilized ovules
  3. transfer of sperm to ovules by pollen
23
Q

small pine cones

A

produce pollen grains w/ male gametophyte

24
Q

large pine cone

A

contain ovule that produce megaspores (female gam.)

25
Q

how long from pine cone production to maturation?

A

three years

26
Q

most widespread and diverse plants

A

angiosperms

27
Q

phylum of angiosperms

A

anthophyta

28
Q

two adaptations of angiosperms

A
  • flowers
  • fruits
29
Q

four leaves of flowers

A
  • sepals
  • petals
  • stamens
  • carpels
30
Q

sepals

A

enclose flower

31
Q

petals

A

brightly colored attract pollinators

32
Q

stamens

A

produce pollen

33
Q

carpels

A

produce ovules

34
Q

anther

A

sac where pollen is produced

35
Q

stigma

A

where pollen is recieved

36
Q

fruits

A

consist of mature ovary, protect seeds and can be dry if mature