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Spinal Anatomy I - Exam 1 > Vertebral Foramen > Flashcards

Vertebral Foramen Flashcards

1
Q

What name is given to the opening located within the vertebral body - vertebral arch enclosure?

A

the vertebral foramen

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2
Q

What is the name given to the union of all vertebral foramina into an apparent vertical cylinder?

A

the vertebral canal or spinal canal

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3
Q

What neural structures will occupy the vertebral foramen until the level of L2?

A

the spinal cord/spinal medulla/medulla spinalis, the proximal part of the peripheral nerve system, and the meninges

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4
Q

What is the typical shape/outline of the vertebral foramen at each region of the spinal/vertebral column?

A

cervical - triangular; thoracic - oval; lumbar - triangular; sacrum - triangular

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5
Q

At what vertebral level will the spinal cord typically terminate?

A

L1

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6
Q

At what vertebral level will the dural sac typically terminate?

A

S2

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7
Q

What are the segmental arteries?

A

the arteries whose branches supply the vertebra or segment

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8
Q

Which of the segmental arteries will arise from the thyrocervical trunk?

A

ascending cervical artery

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9
Q

Which of the segmental arteries will arise from the costocervical trunk?

A

deep cervical artery and superior (highest) intercostal artery

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10
Q

Which of the segmental arteries will arise from the thoracic descending aorta?

A

posterior intercostal artery and subcostal artery

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11
Q

Which of the segmental arteries will arise from the abdominal descending aorta?

A

lumbar artery and median (middle) sacral artery

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12
Q

Identify all segmental arteries.

A

vertebral, ascending cervical, deep cervical, superior (highest) intercostal, posterior intercostal, subcostal, lumbar, iliolumbar, lateral sacral, and median (middle) sacral

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13
Q

What are the segmental arteries of the cervical spine?

A

vertebral, ascending cervical, and deep cervical arteries

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14
Q

What are the segmental arteries of the thoracic spine?

A

deep cervical, superior (highest) intercostal, posterior intercostal, and subcostal arteries

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15
Q

What are the segmental arteries of the lumbar spine?

A

lumbar, iliolumbar, lateral sacral, and median (middle) sacral arteries

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16
Q

What are the segmental arteries of the fifth lumbar vertebra?

A

the iliolumbar artery, lateral sacral artery, and median (middle) sacral artery

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17
Q

What are the segmental arteries of the sacrum?

A

the iliolumbar artery, lateral sacral artery, and median (middle) sacral artery

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18
Q

What segmental levels are supplied by the vertebral artery?

A

C1-C6

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19
Q

What segmental levels are supplied by the ascending cervical artery?

A

C1-C6

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20
Q

What segmental levels are supplied by the deep cervical artery?

A

C7-T1

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21
Q

What segmental levels are supplied by the superior (highest) intercostal artery?

A

T1, T2

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22
Q

What segmental levels are supplied by the posterior intercostal artery?

A

T3-T11

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23
Q

What segmental levels are supplied by the subcostal artery?

A

T12

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24
Q

What segmental levels are supplied by the lumbar arteries?

A

L1-L4

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25
Q

What segmental levels are supplied by the median (middle) sacral artery?

A

L5, S1-S5, and coccyx

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26
Q

What segmental levels are supplied by the iliolumbar artery?

A

L5, S1-S5, and coccyx

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27
Q

What segmental level(s) is/are supplied by the lateral sacral artery?

A

L5, S1-S5, and coccyx

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28
Q

Which vertebra has the greatest number of segmental arteries associated with it?

A

L5

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29
Q

What branch of the segmental artery supplies the vertebra and the paravertebral region?

A

dorsospinal artery

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30
Q

Which artery is primarily observed in the distal part of the intervertebral foramen?

A

spinal artery

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31
Q

Which branch of the dorsospinal artery will penetrate the meninges to enter subarachnoid space?

A

spinal artery

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32
Q

What are the branches of the spinal artery?

A

osseous arteries, anterior spinal canal artery, posterior spinal canal artery, anterior medullary feeder artery, posterior medullary feeder artery, anterior radicular artery, posterior radicular artery

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33
Q

Which branches of the spinal artery supply the contents of the epidural space?

A

osseous arteries, anterior spinal canal artery, and posterior spinal canal artery

34
Q

What arteries are observed in the epidural space near the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

anterior spinal canal artery and plexus

35
Q

What arteries are observed in the epidural space near the ligamentum flavum?

A

posterior spinal canal artery and plexus

36
Q

Which branches of the spinal artery supply the contents of the subarachnoid space?

A

anterior radicular artery, posterior radicular artery, anterior medullary feeder artery, and posterior medullary feeder artery

37
Q

Which vessel will supply the ventral/anterior nerve rootlet and nerve root?

A

anterior radicular artery

38
Q

Which vessel will supply the dorsal/posterior nerve rootlets, nerve root, and nerve root ganglion?

A

posterior radicular artery

39
Q

Which artery is now said to enlarge and form the medullary feeder artery?

A

the radicular artery

40
Q

What is the location and number of medullary feeder arteries present in the adult?

A

9 anterior and 12 posterior medullary feeder arteries

41
Q

What is the name given to the artery that lies in front of the spinal cord along its length?

A

anterior spinal artery

42
Q

The anterior spinal artery is a branch of which artery?

A

the vertebral artery

43
Q

Is the anterior spinal artery a single, continuous artery along the spinal cord?

A

no

44
Q

As the anterior spinal artery continues along the spinal cord, which arteries unite along its length to give the appearance of a single continuous vessel?

A

anterior medullary feeder arteries

45
Q

The posterior spinal artery is a branch of which artery?

A

the posterior inferior cerebellar artery

46
Q

What is the position of the posterior spinal artery relative to the spinal cord?

A

it lies in the posterolateral sulcus along the spinal cord

47
Q

Is the posterior spinal artery a single, continuous artery along the spinal cord?

A

no

48
Q

As the posterior spinal artery continues along the spinal cord, which arteries unite along its length to give the appearance of a single continuous vessel?

A

posterior medullary feeder arteries

49
Q

What forms the arterial vasa corona above C3?

A

right and left anterior spinal arteries, right and left posterior spinal arteries, and 4 communicating arteries

50
Q

What forms the arterial vasa corona below C6?

A

a median anterior spinal artery, right and left posterior spinal arteries, and 3 communicating arteries

51
Q

What changes to the arterial vasa corona occur between C3 and C6?

A

right and left anterior spinal arteries fuse to become a single median anterior spinal artery, the right and left posterior spinal arteries are unchanged, and the 4 communicating arteries are reduced to 3 communicating arteries

52
Q

What is the generic name given to arteries that penetrate the spinal cord?

A

intramedullary arteries

53
Q

What are the intramedullary branches of the arterial vasa corona?

A

pial perforating arteries, central/ventral/sulcal perforating arteries

54
Q

What arterial vasa corona branches supply gray matter and most of the spinal cord?

A

ventral/central/sulcal perforating arteries

55
Q

What intramedullary branches supply about one third of the spinal cord?

A

pial perforating arteries

56
Q

What is the source for pial perforating arteries?

A

the pial plexus

57
Q

What is the primary artery supplementing the arterial vasa corona?

A

anterior medullary feeders and posterior medullary feeders

58
Q

What vessels drain the spinal cord?

A

pial veins

59
Q

What will pial veins drain into?

A

venous vasa corona

60
Q

Which vessels form the venous vasa corona?

A

right and left anterior longitudinal veins, right and left posterior longitudinal veins and 4 communicating veins

61
Q

Which vessels will drain the venous vasa corona?

A

anterior medullary veins, posterior medullary veins

62
Q

Which vessels will drain the ventral/anterior nerve roots?

A

anterior radicular veins

63
Q

Which vessels will drain the dorsal/posterior nerve roots?

A

posterior radicular veins

64
Q

Which vessel will drain the dorsal/posterior nerve root ganglion?

A

posterior radicular veins

65
Q

What veins will lie in the subarachnoid space?

A

pial veins, venous vasa corona, anterior longitudinal veins, posterior longitudinal veins, communicating veins, anterior medullary veins, posterior medullary veins, anterior radicular veins, posterior radicular veins

66
Q

What veins are observed in the epidural space near the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

anterior internal vertebral venous plexus, basivertebral vein

67
Q

What veins are observed in the epidural space near the ligamentum flavum?

A

posterior internal vertebral venous plexus

68
Q

What venous vessels are identified in the intervertebral foramen?

A

intervertebral veins

69
Q

Identify the meninges of the spinal cord (spinal medulla or medulla spinalis) and the commonly accepted meaning of each.

A

dura mater - touch mother
arachnoid mater - spider mother
pia mater - tender or delicate mother

70
Q

Name and locate each space formed between the osseous vertebral foramen and the spinal cord.

A

epidural space - between the vertebral foramen and the dura mater
subdural space - between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater
subarachnoid space - between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater

71
Q

What is the name given to the fluid within the epidural space?

A

interstitial fluid

72
Q

What are the contents of the epidural space?

A
  1. anterior and posterior spinal canal artery and plexus
  2. anterior and posterior internal vertebral venous plexus
  3. basivertebral vein
  4. recurrent meningeal/sinu-vertebral/sinus vertebral nerve
  5. Hofmann/anterior dural/meningovertebral ligaments
  6. ligamentum flavum
  7. posterior longitudinal ligament
73
Q

Which of the contents of the epidural space will be found near the vertebral body?

A
  1. anterior spinal canal artery and plexus
  2. anterior internal vertebral venous plexus
  3. basivertebral vein
  4. recurrent meningeal/sinu-vertebral/sinus vertebral nerve
  5. posterior longitudinal ligament
  6. Hofman/anterior dural/meningovertebral ligaments
74
Q

Which meningeal space is now thought to be a potential space, not an actual space?

A

subdural space - between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater

75
Q

Which of the contents of the epidural space are more likely located near or around the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A
  1. anterior spinal canal artery and plexus
  2. anterior internal vertebral venous plexus
  3. basivertebral vein
  4. recurrent meningeal/sinu-vertebral/sinus vertebral nerve
  5. Hofmann/anterior dural/meningovertebral ligaments
76
Q

Which of the contents of the epidural space will be found near the lamina?

A
  1. posterior spinal canal artery and plexus
  2. posterior internal vertebral venous plexus
  3. ligamentum flavum
77
Q

What is the name given to the fluid present within the subdural space?

A

serous fluid

78
Q

What is the name given to the fluid within the subarachnoid space?

A

cerebrospinal fluid

79
Q

What are the typical contents of the subarachnoid space down to the level of C3?

A
  • anterior spinal arteries
  • posterior spinal arteries
  • communicating arteries
  • arterial vasa corona
  • pial perforating arteries
  • central/sulcal perforating arteries
  • anterior radicular arteries
  • posterior radicular arteries
  • anterior medullary feeder arteries
  • posterior medullary feeder arteries
  • dentate/denticulate ligament
  • anterior longitudinal veins
  • posterior longitudinal veins
  • communicating veins
  • venous vasa corona
  • pial veins
  • anterior radicular veins
  • posterior radicular veins
  • anterior medullary veins
  • posterior medullary veins
  • intervertebral veins
80
Q

What contents of the subarachnoid space are changed below the level of C6?

A

the arterial vasa corona consists of 1 anterior spinal artery, 2 posterior spinal arteries, and 3 communicating arteries

81
Q

What is the name given to the lateral extension of pia mater along the spinal cord?

A

dentate (denticulate) ligament

82
Q

What is the unique feature of veins along the spinal cord?

A

they lack the bicuspid valve of typical veins

Spinal Anatomy I - Exam 1 (20 decks)

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