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Spinal Anatomy I - Exam 1 > Typical Cervical Vertebrae C3-C6 > Flashcards

Typical Cervical Vertebrae C3-C6 Flashcards

1
Q

Which mammals have more than seven cervical vertebrae?

A

ant bear, three-toed sloth

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2
Q

Which mammals have less than seven cervical vertebrae?

A

two-toed sloth, manatee

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3
Q

What is the number of vertebrae in the typical cervical spine?

A

seven segments

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4
Q

Which vertebrae are typical cervicals?

A

C3-C6

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5
Q

Which vertebrae are atypical cervicals?

A

C1, C2, C7

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6
Q

What is the shape of the typical cervical vertebral body from the cranial view?

A

rectangular

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7
Q

What is the appearance of the typical cervical vertebral body from the lateral view?

A

posterior height is greater than anterior height by a few millimeters

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8
Q

What wold be the direction of the cervical curve based on osseous features?

A

posterior or kyphotic

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9
Q

What accounts for the direction of the typical cervical curve?

A

the intervertebral disc height

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10
Q

What is the direction of the typical cervical curve?

A

anterior or lordotic

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11
Q

At which vertebral couple will the cervical curve again increase intervertebral disc height?

A

C5/C6

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12
Q

What is the effect of aging on the cervical vertebral body?

A

it diminishes the overall height of the vertebral body

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13
Q

What are the modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?

A

anterior groove, posterior groove, right and left uncinate processes

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14
Q

What are the names of the lateral modification of the superior epiphyseal rim?

A

uncinate process, unciform process, uncovertebral process, uncus, or lateral lip

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15
Q

At what developmental age will the uncinate process first be observed?

A

3rd - 4th fetal month

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16
Q

What are the modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?

A

anterior lip, posterior lip, right and left lateral grooves

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17
Q

What are the names given to the lateral modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim?

A

lateral groove or enchancrure

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18
Q

What is the joint classification for the anterior lip-anterior groove articulation?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

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19
Q

What is the joint classification for the posterior lip-posterior groove articulation?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

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20
Q

What is the joint classification for the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?

A

modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar)

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21
Q

What is the joint classification for the spongy bone-intervertebral disc articulation?

A

cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis

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22
Q

How many joint surfaces are present on the upper surface of a typical cervical vertebral body?

A

five

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23
Q

How many joint surfaces are present on the lower surface of a typical cervical vertebral body?

A

five

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24
Q

How many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?

A

ten

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25
Q

How many synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?

A

four

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26
Q

What joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?

A
  • anterior groove
  • posterior groove
  • right uncinate process
  • left uncinate process
  • superior spongy bone surface
  • anterior lip
  • posterior lip
  • right lateral groove
  • left lateral groove
  • inferior spongy bone surface
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27
Q

What synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?

A
  • right and left uncinate process

- right and left lateral groove

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28
Q

What is the name given to the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?

A

joint of Luschka or uncovertebral joint

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29
Q

What does the recent literature suggest as to the nature of the joint of Luschka?

A

the joint is representative of intervertebral disc aging, which results in loss of lamellar integrity near the joint

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30
Q

What is the functional significance of the joint of Luschka?

A

it appears to stabilize the intervertebral disc while accommodating flexion-extension and requiring coupled motion (axial rotation with lateral bending) in the cervical spine

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31
Q

What muscle attaches to the typical cervical vertebral body?

A

the longus coli muscle

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32
Q

What is the orientation and angulation of the pedicle of a typical cervical?

A

posterolateral, 45 degrees

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33
Q

At what location on the vertebral body of a typical cervical will the pedicle attach?

A

to the side and in the center of the vertebral body

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34
Q

What surface feature is located at the upper margin of the pedicle?

A

superior vertebral notch

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35
Q

What surface feature is located at the lower margin of the pedicle?

A

inferior vertebral notch

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36
Q

Which spinal nerve will be accommodated on the superior vertebral notch of C5?

A

C5 spinal nerve

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37
Q

Which spinal nerve will be accommodated on the inferior vertebral notch of C5?

A

C6 spinal nerve

38
Q

What is the direction of projection of the cervical lamina?

A

posteromedially

39
Q

What ligament attaches to the lamina of a typical cervical?

A

ligamentum flavum

40
Q

What joint classification will be associated with the ligamentum flavum and its attachment?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

41
Q

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will result in what feature?

A

para-articular processes

42
Q

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will be associated with which classification of bone?

A

accessory bone

43
Q

Ossification within in the length of the ligamentum flavum will be associated with which classification of bone?

A

hetertopic bone

44
Q

What is the outline of the vertebral foramen of a typical cervical vertebra?

A

heart-shaped or triangular

45
Q

Which is the greatest diameter of the vertebral foramen of typical cervicals?

A

transverse

46
Q

What soft tissue diameter mimics the outline of the typical cervical vertebral foramen?

A

the transverse diameter of the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord

47
Q

The greatest transverse diameter of the typical cervical vertebra occurs at which level?

48
Q

The greatest frequency of osteophytes associated with the vertebral body occurs at which typical cervical vertebral couple?

49
Q

What osseous parts form the typical cervical vertebra transverse process?

A
  • costal element
  • anterior tubercle
  • costotransverse bar
  • posterior tubercle
  • true transverse process
50
Q

What is the distal modification of the costal element of a typical cervical vertebra?

A

anterior tubercle

51
Q

What muscles will attach to the anterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra?

A
  • anterior scalene
  • longus capitis
  • longus colli
  • anterior intertransversarii
52
Q

What is the distal modification of the true transverse process of typical cervicals?

A

the posterior tubercle

53
Q

What muscles may attach to the posterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra?

A
  • splenius cervicis
  • iliocostalis cervicis
  • longissimus cervicis
  • levator scapula
  • middle scalene
  • posterior scalene
  • rotators
  • posterior intertransversarii
54
Q

What bony feature connects the anterior and posterior tubercles of a typical cervical transverse process?

A

costotransverse bar or intertubercular lamella

55
Q

What muscles will attach to the costotransverse bar?

A
  • middle scalene

- posterior intertransversarii

56
Q

What is the name given to to collective rib-forming region?

A

the pleurapophysis

57
Q

What produces the primary tension on the transverse process that will cause remodeling in the anterolateral and inferior directions?

A

cervical spinal nerves as they are directed anterolaterally and inferiorly to form the cervical and brachial plexuses

58
Q

What is the name given to the superior margin of the costotransverse bar?

A

sulcus for the ventral primary ramus of a cervical spinal nerve

59
Q

What is the orientation and angulation of a typical cervical transverse process?

A

60 degrees anterolaterally (from midsagittal plane), 15 degrees inferiorly (from the horizontal plane)

60
Q

What is the name given to the modification of the anterior tubercle of the C6 transverse process?

A

the carotid tubercle

61
Q

What will cause remodeling of the anterior tubercle at C6?

A

the common carotid artery

62
Q

What will occupy the typical cervical vertebra transverse foramen?

A
  • the vertebral artery
  • vertebral venous plexus
  • postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers
63
Q

What part of the peripheral nerve system is observed in the transverse foramen of typical cervical vertebrae?

A

postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers of the autonomic (involuntary or visceral) nerve system

64
Q

What is the name given to the lamina-pedicle junction of typical cervical vertebrae?

A

the articular pillar

65
Q

What is the name given to the surface feature observed between the ends of the articular pillar?

A

the groove/sulcus for the dorsal ramus of a cervical spinal nerve

66
Q

What nerve indents the articular pillar of typical cervical vertebrae?

A

the medial branch of the dorsal ramus of a cervical spinal nerve

67
Q

What is the classic angulation of typical cervical articular facets?

A

40 to 45 degrees from the coronal plane

68
Q

Recent work suggests what angulation for typical cervical articular facets?

A

55 to 60 degrees

69
Q

What is the orientation of the typical cervical superior articular facet?

A

backward, upward, medial (BUM)

70
Q

What is the orientation of the typical cervical inferior articular facet?

A

forward, lateral, downward (FoLD)

71
Q

What muscles will attach to typical cervical articular processes?

A
  • the longissimus capitis
  • longissimus cervicis
  • semispinalis capitis
  • semispinalis cervicis
  • multifidis
  • rotators
72
Q

What muscles blend with the capsular ligament of cervical zygapophyses?

A
  • semispinalis capitis
  • mutifidis
  • rotator longus
73
Q

What is the joint classification for the typical cervical zygapophysis?

A

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joint

74
Q

What modifications of the synovial joint are observed in the cervical spine?

A

meniscoidal folds

75
Q

What function will meniscoidal folds provide in cervical zygapophyses?

A

they are assumed to distribute pressure across the joint surfaces

76
Q

What will influence spinal kinematics?

A
  • geometry of articular facets
  • mechanical properties of connective tissue
  • mechanical properties of muscles
77
Q

What should be carefully considered when applying reasearch results to a population?

A
  • the condition of the subject material (fresh cadaver, fixed cadaver, living subject)
  • the age range of the population studied
  • the method of measurement (x-ray, goniometer, MRI, CT, etc.)
78
Q

The greatest range of flexion-extension among the typical cervical vertebrae occurs at which vertebral couple?

A

typically C5/C6

79
Q

What motions are coupled in the cervical spine?

A

lateral bending and axial rotation

80
Q

Ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will be similar for what cervical vertebral couples?

A

the C2/C3, C3/C4, C4/C5 vertebral couples

81
Q

Ranges of couple motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will begin to decrease at what cervical vertebral couple?

A

the C5/C6 vertebral couple

82
Q

What is the usual condition for the Caucasian typical cervical spinous process?

A

they are bifid

83
Q

What is the usual condition for the African-American typical cervical spinous process?

A

they are non-bifid

84
Q

What is the osseous modification at the distal end of the spinous process?

A

the spinous tubercle

85
Q

What muscles may attach to the typical cervical spinous process?

A
  • spinalis cervicis
  • semispinalis cervicis
  • semispinalis thoracis
  • multifidis
  • rotators
  • interspinalis
86
Q

What ligaments will attach to the typical cervical spinous process?

A
  • interspinous ligament

- ligamentum nuchae

87
Q

What will form the anterior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen?

A
  • the lateral groove and vertebral body of the segment above
  • the uncinate process and vertebral body of the segment below
  • the intervertebral disc
  • posterior longitudinal ligament
88
Q

What will form the posterior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen?

A
  • the inferior articular process (post-zygapophysis)
  • the superior articular process (pre-zygapophysis)
  • the capsular ligament
  • ligamentum flavum
89
Q

What will form the superior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen?

A

inferior vertebral notch/incisure

90
Q

What will form the inferior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen?

A

superior vertebral notch/incisure

91
Q

What will form the unique anterior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen?

A

the uncinate process of the segment below and lateral groove of the segment above forms the joint of Luschka

92
Q

What forms the unique anterior boundary of the intervertebral foramen for the C4 spinal nerve?

A

the lateral groove of C3 and uncinate process of C4 forming the joint of Luschka

Spinal Anatomy I - Exam 1 (20 decks)

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