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Spinal Anatomy I - Exam 1 > General Organization of a Vertebra > Flashcards

General Organization of a Vertebra Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three basic osseous parts of a vertebra?

A

the vertebral body, vertebral arch, and the apophyseal regions

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2
Q

What is formed by the vertebral body and vertebral arch?

A

the vertebral foramen

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3
Q

What is the general shape of the vertebral body at each region of the spine?

A

cervical - rectangular; thoracic - triangular; lumbar - reniform

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4
Q

What is the name given to the compact bone at the superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebral body?

A

superior epiphyseal rim, inferior epiphyseal rim

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5
Q

What is the central region at the superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebral body called?

A

cancellous or spongy bone

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6
Q

What is the name given to the cartilage found at the superior and inferior surface of a developing vertebral body?

A

superior epiphyseal plate, inferior epiphyseal plate

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7
Q

What are the names of the openings found around the margins of the vertebral body?

A

nutrient foramina or vascular foramina

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8
Q

What large opening is usually observed at the back of the vertebral body?

A

the basivertebral venous foramen

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9
Q

What is the name of the vessel entering the nutrient or vascular foramen?

A

osseous artery

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10
Q

What is the name given to the large vessel exiting the back of the vertebral body?

A

the basivertebral vein

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11
Q

What is the semicircular region of bone attached to the back of the vertebral body called?

A

the vertebral arch

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12
Q

What is the name given to the anterior part of the vertebral arch?

A

the pedicle

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13
Q

What is the name given to the posterior part of the vertebral arch?

A

the lamina

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14
Q

What is the name given to the intermediate part of the vertebral arch where the transverse process and articular processes attach?

A

the lamina-pedicle junction

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15
Q

What is the name given to the feature located at the upper and lower surfaces of the pedicle?

A

the superior vertebral notch/incisure; the inferior vertebral notch/incisure

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16
Q

What is the generic orientation of the pedicle at each region of the spine?

A

cervical - posterolateral; thoracic - posterior, slight lateral; lumbar - posterior

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17
Q

All lamina are oriented in what direction?

A

posterior and median

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18
Q

What ligament will attach to the lamina?

A

the ligamentum flavum

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19
Q

What is the name given to abnormal bone at the attachment site of the ligamentum flavum?

A

para-articular process

20
Q

What classification of bone will para-articular processes represent?

A

accessory bone

21
Q

What is the name given to the overlap of laminae seen on X-ray?

A

shingling

22
Q

What is the name given to the lamina - pedicle junction at each region of the spine?

A

cervical - articular pillar; thoracic and lumbar - pars interarticularis

23
Q

What is the name given to the junction of the vertebral arch - spinous process on lateral X-ray?

A

the spinolaminar junction

24
Q

What is the name given to the tubular bone growth regions of the vertebral arch?

A

the apophyseal regions

25
Q

What names may be given to each apophysis of the spine?

A

the transverse apophysis or transverse process; articular apophysis or articular process; spinous apophysis or spinous process

26
Q

What is the generic orientation of the transverse process or transverse apophysis at each region of the spine?

A

cervical - anterolateral; thoracic - posterolateral; lumbar - lateral

27
Q

All non-rib-bearing vertebra of the spine retain what equivalent feature?

A

the costal element

28
Q

What is the name given to the rounded elevation at the end of the transverse apophysis or transverse process?

A

the transverse tubercle

29
Q

What will cause the transverse process/transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the cervical region?

A

cervical spinal nerves are pulled forward to form the cervical and brachial nerve plexuses thus remodeling the transverse process to accommodate their new position

30
Q

What will cause the transverse process/apophysis to alter its initial direction in the thoracic region?

A

the growth of the lungs remodel the shape of the ribs which in turn push the transverse processes backward

31
Q

What will the articular process/apophysis support?

A

the articular facet

32
Q

What is the name given to the joint formed between articular facets of a vertebral couple?

A

the zygapophysis

33
Q

What is the name given to the bone surface at the front of a zygapophysis?

A

the superior articular facet

34
Q

What is the name given to the bone surface at the back of a zygapophysis?

A

the inferior articular facet

35
Q

What names are given to the part of the vertebra which supports the front of the zygapophysis?

A

the superior articular apophysis, the superior articular apophysis, or the pre-zygapophysis

36
Q

What names are given to the part of the vertebra which supports the back of the zygapophysis?

A

the inferior articular apophysis, the inferior articular process, or the post-zygapophysis

37
Q

In the vertebral couple, the part of the vertebra which lies anterior to the zygapophysis is called the what?

A

pre-zygapophysis

38
Q

In the vertebral couple, the part of the vertebra which lies posterior to the zygapophysis is called the what?

A

post-zygapophysis

39
Q

What will form the posterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

A

the inferior articular process/post-zygapophysis, the superior articular process/pre-zygapophysis, the capsular ligament, and the ligamentum flavum

40
Q

What will form the superior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

A

the inferior vertebral notch/incisure

41
Q

What will form the inferior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

A

the superior vertebral notch/incisure

42
Q

What will form the anterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

A

the vertebral body of the segment above, the vertebral body of the segment below, the intervertebral disc, and the posterior longitudinal ligament

43
Q

What is the method of calculating the angle of the spinous process/apophysis?

A

calculate the angle formed between the undersurface of the spinous process/apophysis and the horizontal plane

44
Q

What is the name given to the normal overlap of spinous processes or spinous apophyses as seen on X-ray?

A

imbrication

45
Q

What is the name given to the rounded elevation at the tip of the spinous process/apophysis?

A

the spinous tubercle

46
Q

What is the orientation of the spinous process/apophysis at each region of the spine?

A

cervical - slight angle inferiorly; thoracic - noticeable angle inferiorly; lumbar - no inferior angle

Spinal Anatomy I - Exam 1 (20 decks)

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