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Spinal Anatomy I - Exam 1 > Bone Surface Features > Flashcards

Bone Surface Features Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four basic surface feature categories?

A

elevations, depressions, tunnels or passageways, and facets

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2
Q

When do the surface features of bone become prominent?

A

during and after puberty

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3
Q

What are the types of osseous elevations?

A

linear, rounded, and sharp

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4
Q

What are the types of osseous linear elevations?

A

the line, ridge, and crest

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5
Q

What is an example of the slightest type of osseous linear elevation?

A

transverse lines of sternum

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6
Q

What is an example of an osseous ridge elevation?

A

sacral transverse ridges

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7
Q

What are examples of osseous crest elevations?

A

median sacral crest, intermediate sacral crest, and lateral sacral crest

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8
Q

What are the types of rounded osseous elevations?

A

tubercle, protuberance, trochanter, tuber or tuberosity, and malleolus

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9
Q

What is the definition of an osseous tubercle?

A

a small raised elevation from the surface of bone, usually associated with the attachment of a ligament or tendon

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10
Q

What are examples of an osseous tubercle?

A

spinous tubercle, transverse tubercle, and the superior, inferior, and lateral tubercles of T12

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11
Q

What is the definition of an osseous protuberance?

A

rounded elevation from the surface of bone with a larger base that appears as a swelling or knob

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12
Q

What are examples of osseous protuberances?

A

mental protuberance of the mandible, external occipital protuberance of occiput

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13
Q

What is the definition of an osseous trochanter?

A

a large, blunt projection from the surface of bone with a significant base and height

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14
Q

What is an example of an osseous trochanter?

A

the greater trochanter and lesser trochanter of the femur

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15
Q

What is the definition of an osseous tuber or tuberosity?

A

a large projection with a significant base and variable height on the surface of bone

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16
Q

What are examples of osseous tubers or tuberosities?

A

the frontal tuber of the frontal bone, tuberosity for the serratus anterior muscle on rib 2, the sacral tuberosity of S2, and the ischial tuberosity of the innominate bone

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17
Q

What is the definition of an osseous malleolus?

A

a hammerhead-like elevation on the surface of bone

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18
Q

What are examples of an osseous malleolus?

A

the medial malleolus of the tibia and the lateral malleolus of the fibula

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19
Q

What are the categories of sharp osseous elevations?

A

spine and process

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20
Q

What is the definition of the osseous elevation called “spine?”

A

a thorn-like elevation from the surface of bone

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21
Q

What is the definition of an osseous process?

A

a relatively sharp bony projection from the surface of bone with an increased length

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22
Q

What are examples of an osseous process?

A

the mastoid process of the occipital bone, styloid process of the temporal bone, spinous process, transverse process, articular process of vertebrae, and xiphoid process of the sternum

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23
Q

What are the categories of osseous depressions?

A

linear and rounded depressions

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24
Q

What are the categories of osseous linear depressions?

A

notch or incisure, groove, and sulcus

25
Q

What is the definition of an osseous surface notch or incisure?

A

a short indentation of variable depth on the surface of bone

26
Q

What are examples of an osseous surface notch or incisure?

A

the superior vertebral notch/incisure and inferior vertebral notch/incisure of the pedicle

27
Q

What is the definition of an osseous groove?

A

a long furrow of variable depth on the surface of bone

28
Q

What are examples of an osseous groove?

A

the groove for the superior petrosal sinus, groove for the greater petrosal nerve, and mastoid groove of the temporal bone

29
Q

What is the definition of an osseous sulcus?

A

a wide groove of variable length and depth on the surface of bone

30
Q

What is an example of an osseous sulcus?

A

the sulcus for the vertebral artery on C1

31
Q

What are the categories of rounded osseous depressions?

A

the fovea and fossa

32
Q

What is the definiton of an osseous fovea?

A

a shallow depression of variable circumference on the surface of bone

33
Q

What are examples of osseous fovea?

A

the fovea dentis of C1 and the pterygoid fovea of the mandible

34
Q

What is the definition of an osseous fossa?

A

a deep depression of variable circumference on the surface of bone

35
Q

What are examples of an osseous fossa?

A

the lacrimal fossa of the frontal bone and the mandibular fossa or glenoid fossa of the mandible

36
Q

What are the names given to openings on the surface of bone?

A

ostium or orifice and hiatus

37
Q

What is the definition of an osseous ostium?

A

a round or oval opening on the surface of bone

38
Q

What is the definition of an osseous hiatus?

A

an irregular opening on the surface of bone

39
Q

What are the names given to osseous ostia which completely penetrate bone?

A

foramen or canal

40
Q

What is the definition of an osseous foramen?

A

an ostium passing completely through a thin region of bone

41
Q

What are examples of osseous foramina?

A

the basivertebral venous foramen of vertebrae, the foramen ovale of the sphenoid, and the jugular foramen of the temporal and occipital bones

42
Q

What is the definition of an osseous canal?

A

an ostium passing completely through a thick region of bone

43
Q

What are examples of an osseous canal?

A

the pterygoid canal or vidian canal of the sphenoid, the carotid canal of the temporal, and the infraorbital canal of the maxilla

44
Q

What is the name given to an ostium which does not completely penetrate through a region of bone but appears as a blind-ended passageway?

A

meatus

45
Q

What is the definition of an osseous meatus?

A

a blind-ended passageway that does not completely penetrate through a bone

46
Q

What are examples of an osseous meatus?

A

internal acoustic meatus and external acoustic meatus of the temporal bone

47
Q

What are examples of and osseous hiatus?

A

the hiatus for the greater petrosal nerve of the temporal bone and the sacral hiatus of the sacrum

48
Q

What is an additional example of an opening in bone?

A

fissure

49
Q

What is the definition of an osseous fissure?

A

an irregular slit-like or crack-like appearance between the surfaces of adjacent bones

50
Q

What are examples of an osseous fissure?

A

the superior orbital fissure primarily of the sphenoid bone and the inferior orbital fissure of the palatine, zygomatic, sphenoid, and maxillary bones

51
Q

What are the categories of osseous facets?

A

flat facets and rounded facets

52
Q

What is the definition of a flat facet?

A

a relatively planar or slightly curvilinear surface on bone for osseous articulation

53
Q

What are examples of a flat osseous facet?

A

the articular facets of most zygapophyses of the vertebral column

54
Q

What are the categories of rounded osseous facets?

A

articular heads and articular condyles

55
Q

What is the definition of an osseous facet named the “head?”

A

a bulbous rounded extremity of bone which directly articulates with another surface

56
Q

What are examples on an osseous articular facet?

A

the head of the femur

57
Q

What is the definition of an osseous condyle?

A

a knuckle-shaped surface on bone for osseous articulation

58
Q

What are examples of an osseous condyle?

A

occipital condyle of the occipital bone, mandibular condyle of the mandible, and the medial and lateral condyles of the femur

Spinal Anatomy I - Exam 1 (20 decks)

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