vertebral column/trunk

Question 1

vertebral body

Answer 1

weight-bearing portion that tends to increase in size as one descend the spine

Question 2

intervertebral discs

Answer 2

fibrocartilaginous discs between adjacent bodies

Question 3

spinous process

Answer 3

projection that extends posteriorly from the union for 2 laminae

Question 4

transverse process

Answer 4

projection off the right and left side of each vertebrae

Question 5

articular facets

Answer 5

two superior and two inferior facets for articulation

Question 6

vertebral foramen/canal

Answer 6

formed from the vertebral arch and body, the foramen contains the spinal cord and its meningeal coverings

Question 7

cervical vertebrae

Answer 7

7 total, first section of spine

Question 8

atlas

Answer 8

C1

Question 9

axis

Answer 9

C2

Question 10

thoracic vertebrae

Answer 10

12 total, each articulating with a pair of ribs, 2nd section of spine

Question 11

costal facets

Answer 11

a site where a rib forms a joint with a top of a thoracic vertebrae

Question 12

lumbar vertebrae

Answer 12

5 total, large vertebrae to support the body’s weight

Question 13

sacrum

Answer 13

5 fused vertebrae, 2nd lowest section of vertebrae

Question 14

coccyx

Answer 14

4 total vertebrae, Co1 often not fused bt Co2-4 are fused, as a remnant of our embryonic tail

Question 15

ribs 1-7

Answer 15

true ribs; articulating with sternum directly

Question 16

ribs 8-10

Answer 16

false ribs; articulating with costal cartilages of the ribs above

Question 17

ribs 11-12

Answer 17

floating ribs that articulate with vertebrae only

Question 18

sternum

Answer 18

long flat bone that forms anterior part of ribcage with ribs 1-7

Question 19

xiphoid process

Answer 19

small knob tht makes bottom part of sternum

(purple portion)

Question 20

ligamnetum nuchae

Answer 20

attaches at C7 to occipital bone; is the cervical extension of supraspinous ligament and is strong

Question 21

thoracolumbar fascia

Answer 21

a deep investing membrane with covers that deep muscles of the back of the trunk

Question 22

linea alba

Answer 22

connective tissue that runs down the midline of the abdomen; separates the left and right rectus muscles

Question 23

sternocleidomastoid origin

Answer 23

sternal head: manubrium; clavicular head: medial third of clavicle

Question 24

sternocleidomastoid insertion

Answer 24

mastoid process of temporal bone

Question 25

sternocleiodmastoid action

Answer 25

tilts head to one side (laterally flexes and rotates head so face is turned superiorly toward opp side; helps flex neck

Question 26

sternocleidomastoid strengthening

Answer 26

with resistance band on head and attached to wall, tilt head to opp side

Question 27

sternocleidomastoid stretch

Answer 27

tilt head to one side and brace with hand

Question 28

splenius capitis origin

Answer 28

nuchal ligament, spinous process C7-T3

Question 29

splenius capitis insertion

Answer 29

mastoid process of temporal bone, occipital bone

Question 30

splenius capitis action

Answer 30

bilaterally: extends head; unilaterally: laterally flexes and rotates neck toward same side

Question 31

rectus abdominis origin

Answer 31

pubic symphysis and pubic crest

Question 32

rectus abdominis insertion

Answer 32

xiphoid process and costal cartilages 5-7

Question 33

rectus abdominis action

Answer 33

flexes trunk and compresses abdominal viscera

Question 34

rectus abdominis strengthening

Answer 34

laying on back with knees bent, do a crunch by flexing trunk and lifting shoulders off of ground toward knees

Question 35

rectus abdominis stretch

Answer 35

lay on stomach, hyperextend trunk

Question 36

transverse abdominis origin

Answer 36

internal surfaces of 7-12 costal cartilages, thoracolumnar fascia, iliac crest, and lateral third of inguinal ligament

Question 37

transverse abdominis insertion

Answer 37

linea alba with aponeurosis of interal oblique, and pecten pubis via conjoint tendon

Question 38

transverse abdominis action

Answer 38

compresses ad supports abdominal viscera

Question 39

transverse abdominis strengthen

Answer 39

isometric core exercises (plank)

Question 40

internal oblique origin

Answer 40

thoracolumbar fascia, anterior two thirds of iliac crest, and lateral two thirds of inguinal ligament

Question 41

internal oblique insterion

Answer 41

inferior borders of 10th to 12th ribs, linea alba, and pubis via conjoint tendon inferior borders of 10th to 12th ribs, linea alba, and pubis via conjoint tendon

Question 42

internal/external oblique action

Answer 42

compresses and supports abdominal viscera; flexes and rotates trunk (ask heller about which does which)

Question 43

internal and external oblique strengthening

Answer 43

laying on back with knees bent, lift upper body and do russian twists by holding weight in hands and twisting from one side to another

Question 44

internal and external oblique stretch

Answer 44

stand and twist torso to one side, then opp side, bracing self with chair or wall

Question 45

external oblique origin

Answer 45

external srufaces of 5th to 12th ribs

Question 46

external oblique insertion

Answer 46

linea alba, pubic tubercle, and anterior half of iliac crest

Question 47

erector spinae (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis) origin

Answer 47

posterior sacrum , iliac crest, and spinous processes of lower lumbar and sacral vertebrae

Question 48

iliocostalis insertion

Answer 48

angles of lower ribs and cervical transverse processes

Question 49

longissimus insertion

Answer 49

angles of lower ribs and cervical transverse processes

Question 50

erector spinae actions

Answer 50

extends and laterally bends vertebral column and head

Question 51

erector spinae strengthening

Answer 51

dead lift with dumbbells

Question 52

erector spinae stretching

Answer 52

stand straight and bend at hips to touch toes

Question 53

longissimus insertion

Answer 53

between tubercles and angles of ribs, transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae, and mastoid process

Question 54

spinalis insertion

Answer 54

spinous processes of upper thoracic and midcervical vertebrae

Question 55

multifidus origin

Answer 55

sacrum, ilium, and transverse processes of T1-T12, and articular processes of C4-C7

Question 56

multifidus insertion

Answer 56

spinous processes of vertebrae above, spanning one or two segments

Question 57

multifidus action

Answer 57

stabilize spine

Question 58

multifidus exercise

Answer 58

isometric core exercises (plank)