lab: shoulder Flashcards
Clavicle
cylindrical bone with slight S-shaped curve, connected to acromion of scapula; acts as strut to keep limb away from trunk
scapula
flat triangular bone connected to clavicle and humerus. site of 16 muscle attachements
spine of scapula
on posterior side
acromion process of scapula
where clavicle articulates with scapula; on end of spine of scapula
coracoid process
knob on scapula inferior to acromion on anterior lateral side of scapula
inferior angle of scapula
bottom angle of scapula
lateral border of scapula
edge of scapula closest to humerus
medial border of scapula
edge of scapula that is most medial
supraspinous fossa
indention superior to spine of scapula
infraspinous fossa
area of scapula inferior to spine of scapula on posterior side
subscapular fossa
flat indented surface on anterior side of scapula
supraglenoid tubercle
where long head of biceps brachii originates; a small, rough projection superior to the glenoid cavity near the base of the coracoid process
infraglenoid tubercle
origin of long head of triceps brachii; located on the lateral part of the scapula, inferior to glenoid cavity
humerus
proximal head articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula; articulates at elbow with ulna and radius
greater tubercle of humerus
large projection on proximal head of humerus,
lesser tubercle of humerus
smaller projection on proximal head of humerus
deltoid tuberosity of humerus
rough, triangular area on the anterolateral (front-side) surface of the middle of the humerus to which the deltoid muscle attaches.
medial epicondyle of humerus
is larger and more prominent than the lateral epicondyle and is directed slightly more posteriorly in the anatomical position; gives attachment to the ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint, to the Pronator teres, and to a common tendon of origin (the common flexor tendon) of some of the Flexor muscles of the forearm
intertubercular groove
separate greater and lesser tubercles of humerus; instertion of latissimus dorsi
acromioclavicular joint
joint at top of shoulder; the junction between the acromion (part of the scapula that forms the highest point of the shoulder) and the clavicle
glenoid cavity
shallow articular surface on lateral angle of scapula, articulates with humerus and forms glenohumeral joint with humerus
glenoid labrum
a fibrocartilaginous rim attached around the margin of the glenoid cavity in the shoulder blade; deepens glenoid fossa of scapula
origin of trapezius
medial 3rd of superior nuchal line; extenral occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of C7-T12
insertion of trapezius
lateral 3rd of clavicle, acromiun, and spine of scapula
main actions of trapezius
elevates, retracts, and rotates scapula; superior fibers elevate, middle fibers retract, and inferior fibers depress scapula
strengthening exercise for trapezius
barbell shrug - hold barbell in hands in front of body while standing erect, then shrug shoulders high towards ears while saying “huh?”
stretch for trapezius
laterally flex neck to left, then to right by tilting ear towards shoulder
origin of latissimus dorsi
spinous processes of T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inferior 3 or 4 ribs
insertion of latissimus dorsi
intertubercular groove of humerus
action of latissimus dorsi
extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus at shoulder
strengthening exercise of latissimus dorsi
Pull up: hang on pull up bar with hands wider apart than shoulders, then slowly lift body up, getting chin above the bar
stretch for latissimus dorsi
lift both arms straight above head and grasp hands, then laterally tilt arms and body to left, then right side
origin of supraspinatus
supraspinous fossa of scapula
instertion of supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor
superior facet on greater tubercle of humerus
action of supraspinatus
helps deltoid abduct arm at shoulder and acts with rotator cuff muscles
strengthening exercise for supraspinatus
with weights or resistance band in hands, hold arms straight and lift arms until parallel to ground at shoulder level, then slowly lower
stretch for supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor
pull/adduct arm straight in front of body, parallel to ground, and hold in place with other hand to stretch
infraspinatus origin
infraspinous fossa of scapula
infraspinatus and teres minor main actions
laterally rotates arm at shoulder, helps hold head in glenoid cavity
strengthening exercise for infraspinatus and teres minor
hold weights in hands with arms loosely at sides, then rotate arms to outside
subscapularis origin
subscapular fossa of scapula
subscapularis insertion
Lesser tubercle of humerus
subscapularis main actions
medially rotates arm at shoulder and adducts it; helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity
subscapularis strengthening exercise
with resistance band attached on wall above you, pull straight arms down toward body and slightly rotate in towards body
subscapularis stretch
take arm behind back and bend at elbow, then pull towards opposite side of body with other arm
pectoralis major origin
medial 3rd of clavicle, lateral border of sternum
pectoralis major insertion
intertubercular groove of humerus
pectoralis major main actions
adducts (including horizontal adduction), flexes, and medially rotates humerus at shoulder
pectoralis major strengthening exercise
lift arm at 90 degrees, then forcefully and swiftly bring arm across body to hit punching bag with hand (boxing gloves are helpful)
or resistance band
pectoralis major stretch
lift arm and bend at elbow above head, grab elbow with other hand and put pressure
serratus anterior origin
upper 8 ribs
serratus anterior insertion
medial border of scapula
serratus anterior main actions
rotates scapula upward and pulls it anterior toward thoracic wall
serratus anterior strengthening exercise
pushup: place hands and feet on ground with back flat in a plank position, hands shoulder distance apart. slowly lower body towards ground by bending at elbows
serratus anterior stretch
hold arm straight out and hold wall, then rotate away from wall
anterior deltoid origin
anterior surface of lateral clavicle
anterior, middle, and posterior deltoids insertion
Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus.
anterior deltoid action
flexes and medially rotates arm at shoulder
anterior deltoid strengthening exercise
hold weights in hands and curl them up, bending at elbow, then slowly lower and repeat
anterior deltoid stretch
hold arms straight behind back and grasp hands and pull up
middle deltoid action
abducts arm at shoulder
middle deltoid strengthening exercise
with weights in hands, hold arms straight and lift them straight out in frontal plane until parallel to ground and even with shoulders, then lower and repeat
middle deltoid origin
acromion process and spine of the scapula
posterior deltoid origin
spine of scapula
posterior deltoid action
extends and laterally rotates arm at shoulder
posterior deltoid strengthening exercise
with weights or in hands, extend arms behind you while standing, then return to neutral, then repeat
posterior deltoid stretch
lift arm and bend at elbow above head, grab elbow with other hand and pull posteriorly
