knee Flashcards by Beverly Ziegler

femur medial supracondylar line

ridge-like line of bone extends from adductor tubercle to the base of the linea aspera

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femur lateral supracondylar line

ridge-like line of bone exteding from distal end of linea aspera to the lateral condyle

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femur medial condyle

medial projection on lower extremity of femur; larger than lateral

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femur lateral condyle

lateral projection on lower extremity of femur

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femoral/intercondylar notch

deep notch btwn rear surfaces of medial and lateral epicondyle of femur

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patella

sesamoid bone embedded in quadriceps femoris tendon

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gerdy’s tubercle of tibia

lateral tubercle of tibia, loacted where iliotibial tract inserts

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lateral condyle of tibia

lateral projection of upper extremity of tibia

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medial condyle of tibia

medial projection of upper extremity of tibia

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tibial tuberosity

insertion site for patellar ligament

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lateral facet of tibia

large platueau for articulation with femoral condyles

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medial facet of tibia

large plateau for articulation with femoral condyles

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fibula head

upper extremity of fibula; irregular quadrate form

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lateral meniscus location

interarticular area of tibia that lies over lateral facet (smaller and more circular than medial meniscus; acts as a cushion)

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medial meniscus

interarticular area of tibia, lies over medial facet; attached to tibial colateral

(is semicircular; acts as a cushion; often torn)

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tibial (medial) collateral (MCL) origin

medial femoral epicondyle

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Tibial (medial) collateral (MCL) insertion

medial tibial condyle

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Tibial (medial) collateral (MCL) actions

limits extension and abduction of leg; attached to medial meniscus

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Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament (LCL) origin

lateral femoral epicondyle

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fibular (lateral) collateral ligament (LCL) insertion

femoral head

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fibular (lateral) collateral ligament (LCL) action

limits extension and adduction of leg; overlies popliteus tendon

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anterior cruciate (ACL) origin

anterior intercondylar tibia

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Anterior cruciate (ACL) insertion

lateral femoral condyle

anterior cruciate (ACL) action

prevents posterior slipping of femur on tibia; torn in hyperextension

posterior cruciate (PCL) origin

posterior intercondylar tibia

posterior cruciate (PCL) insertion

medial femoral condyle

PCL action

prevents anterior slipping of femur on tibia; shorter and stronger than anterior cruciate(ACL)

Quadriceps tendon origin

muscles superior to patella

Quadriceps tendon action

is part of extension mechanism

patellar ligament origin

patella to tibial tuberosity

patellar ligament action

acts in extension of quadriceps tendon; patella stabilized by medial and lateral ligament attachment to tibia and femur

rectus femoris origin

anterior iliac spine and anterior iliac crest

quadriceps muscles

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

quadreceps muslces insertion

patella, tibial tuberosity

rectus femoris actions

extends leg at knee joint; also steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh at hip

quadriceps strengthening

Lunges: step forward with one foot and flex knee and hip on that leg; go down until that knee is at 90 degree angle; come back up and then switch legs

quadriceps stretch

stand up: keeping hip extended, flex knee and grab ankle with hand and hold

vastuc lateralis origin

greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera of femur

vastus medialis origin

intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera of femur

vastus intermedius origin

anterior and lateral surgaces of femoral shaft

hamstring muscles

biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus

biceps femoris origin

ischial tuberosity and linear aspera/lateral supracondylar line of femur

biceps femoris insertion

lateral side of head of fibula; tendon at this site split by fibular collateral ligament of knee

biceps femoris action

flexes leg at knee and rotates it laterally; extends thigh at hip

hamstrings strengthening

Squats: stand with feet shoulder-width apart, flex knees while keeping back straight and pushing rear backwards until knees are at 90 degree angle

hamstrings stretch

forward fold: stand straight, then bend over, flexing at hip and keeping knees extended

semimembranosus and semitendinosus origin

ischial tuberosity

semitendinosus insertion

medial tibia

semimembranosus and semitendinosus action

extends thight at hip; flexes leg at knee and rotates it medially; with flexed hip and knee, extends trunk

gastrocnemius origin

lateral head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur; medial head: popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle

gastrocnemius insertion

calcaneus via achilles tendon

gastrocnemius action

plantarflexes foot at ankle; raises heel during walking; flexes leg at knee joint

gastrocnemius strengthening

calf raises: stand on a step with heels hanging off end, then entend and flex ankle to make self go up and down on toes

gastrocnemius stretch

downward dog: with hands and feet on ground and flexion at hips, alternately flex and extend ankles to bring heels closer to ground

semimembranosus insertion

posterior part of medial condyle of tibia