Lab 2: Elbow, forearm Flashcards
humerus greater tubercle
prominent area at top of the humerus and is the attachment for the two large, powerful rotator cuff muscles - supraspinatus and infraspinatus.
humerus lesser tubercle
although smaller, is more prominent than the greater tubercle: it is situated in front, and is directed medially and anteriorly.
deltoid tuberosity
a rough, triangular[1] area on the anterolateral (front-side) surface of the middle of the humerus to which the deltoid muscle attaches.
radial groove
the shallow groove that passes around the shaft of the humerus; it lies between the humeral attachments of the lateral and medial heads of the triceps brachii; the radial nerve and deep brachial artery course within the groove.
Medial epicondyle
is larger and more prominent than the lateral epicondyle and is directed slightly more posteriorly in the anatomical position. It gives attachment to the ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint, to the Pronator teres, and to a common tendon of origin (the common flexor tendon) of some of the Flexor muscles of the forearm
Intertubercular groove
separates greater and lesser tubercles of humerus. lodges the long tendon of the Biceps Brachii muscle between the tendons of Pectoralis Major on the lateral lip and Teres Major on the medial lip. It also transmits a branch of the anterior humeral circumflex artery to the shoulder-joint.
Lateral supracondylar ridge
a prominent, rough margin, a little curved from behind forward, formed by the lower part of the lateral border of the body of the humerus. origin of the brancioradioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, triceps brachii, and attachment of the lateral intermuscular septum
lateral epicondyle
a small, tuberculated eminence, curved a little forward, and giving attachment to the radial collateral ligament of the elbow-joint, and to a tendon common to the origin of the supinator and some of the extensor muscles. Specifically, these extensor muscles include the anoconeus muscle, the supinator, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti, and extensor carpi ulnaris
Capitulum
a smooth, rounded eminence on the anterior lateral side of the humerus, It articulates with the cupshaped depression on the head of the radius, and is limited to the front and lower part of the bone.
trochlea of humerus
the medial portion of the articular portion of the elbow joint which articulates which articulates with the trochlear notchon the ulna in the forearm
radius
lateral bone of forearm
radial tuberosity
an eminence beneath the radius neck on the medial side, which is divided into 2 a rough anterior portion for the insertion of the biceps brachii tendon, and a posterior, smooth portion, on which a bursa is interposed between the tendon and the bone
ulnar crest
gives attachement for interosseous membrane
ulna
medial bone of forearm
supinator fossa of ulna
on ulna proximal, next to ulnar crest
olecranon process of ulna
a large, thick, curved bony eminence of the forearm that projects behind the elbow
coranoid process of ulna
a triangular eminence projecting forward from the anterior proximal portion of the ulna.
Trochlear Notch of ulna
a large depression, formed by the olecranon and the coronoid process, and serving for articulation with the trochlea of the humerus.
carpals
the 8 wrist bones of each hand, arranged in proximal and distal rows of 4 bones each
metacarpals
5 bones which span the palm of each hand
phalanges
14 on each hand, 2 for the thumb (1st digit), and 3 for each of the remaining 4 digits
anular ligament
surrounds the radial head in the proximal radio-ulnar articulation
ulnar collateral ligament
on the medial side of the elbow
biceps brachii origin
short head: apex of coracoid process of scapula; long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
biceps brachii insertion
tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
biceps brachii main actions
supinates flexed forearm; flexes forearm at elbow; weak arm flexor
strengthening for biceps brachii
hold weights in hands, hold arms in anatomical position, flex forearm at elbow, lower, repeat
stretching for biceps brachii
abduct shoulder to 90 degrees with arm straight and against a wall, rotate torso in opposite direction of arm
brachialis origin
distal half of anterior humerus
brachialis insertion
coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
brachialis and brachioradialis main actions
flexes forearm at elbow in all positions
brachioradialis origin
proximal two thirds of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
brachioradialis insertion
lateral surface of distal end of radius
brachialis and brachioradialis strengthening
hold weights in hands, hold arms in anatomical position, flex forearm at elbow, lower, repeat
brachialis and brachioradialis stretching
abduct shoulder to 90 degrees with arm straight and against a wall, rotate torso in opposite direction of arm
pronator teres origin
medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
pronator teres insertion
middle of lateral surface of radius
pronator teres main actions
pronates forearm and flexes elbow
pronator teres strengthening
hold round weights in hands, abduct shoulder, then pronate forearm and flex elbow
pronator teres stretching
abduct arm then supinate forearm by rotating forearm laterally, then holding in place by placing opposite hand on rotated arm’s hand
pronator quadratus origin
distal fourth of anterior surface of ulna
pronator quadratus insertion
distal fourth of anterior surface of radius
pronator quadratus main action
pronates forearm
pronator quadratus strengthening
hold round weights in hands, abduct shoulder, then pronate forearm
pronator quadratus stretching
abduct arm then supinate forearm by rotating forearm laterally, then holding in place by placing opposite hand on rotated arm’s hand
supinator origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus; radial collateral, and anular ligaments; supinator fossa; and crest of ulna
supinator instertion
lateral, posterior, and anterior surfaces of proximal third of radius
supinator action
supinates forearm
supinator strengthening
hold weights in hands, then supinate forearms with elbows flexed at 90 degrees
supinator stretching
flex shoulder in front of body, then pronate forearm, taking opposite hand and holding hand of pronated forearm in place.
triceps brachii origin
long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula; lateral head: posterior humerus; medial head: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove
triceps brachii insertion
proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm
triceps brachii main actions
extends forearm at elbow; is chief extensor of elbow; steadies head of abducted humerus (long head)
triceps brachii strengthening
get in a reverse pushup position on a bench by keeping legs straight and feet far from bench, pronating forearm, and hyperextending shoulder, hyperextending hands to place on bench edge, then flexing elbow to lower body closer to floor, then extending forearm at elbow to raise body back in straight line
triceps brachii stretching
hyperflex shoulder to move arm straight above head, flex elbow, hold bent elbow close to ear, then take opposite hand and put pressure on elbow medially, so that elbow is abducted behind head
