Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Kinesiology > sec 1 foundation of human movement > Flashcards

sec 1 foundation of human movement Flashcards

1
Q

sagittal plane

A

divides body into right and left portions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

movements in sagittal plane occur about the _______ axis

A

mediolateral (ML)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

main movements of sagittal plane are

A

flexion, extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

A

frontal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

movements in the frontal plane occur about the _____ axis

A

anteriorposterior (AP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

main movements of frontal plane

A

abduction, adduction, flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions

A

transverse plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

movements in the transverse plane occur about the ______ axis

A

longitudinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

main movements of transverse plane

A

rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what planes divide body into equal halves

A

cardinal planes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what constitutes an absolute reference frame?

A

origin, planes, and axes are fixed, typically with regard to the gravitational field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are absolute segment angles between

A

a segment and a line parallel to the ground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what constitutes a relative reference frame?

A

planes and axes are rotated with respect to gravitational field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are relative joint angles between

A

two articulating segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are degrees of freedom?

A

number of planes in which a joint has the ability to move

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

1 degree of freedom is? and ex

A

uniaxial

ex: elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

2 degrees of freedom is? and ex

A

biaxial

ex: wrist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

3 degrees of freedom is? and ex:

A

triaxial

ex: shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

movements around mediolateral axes in sagittal plane

A

flexion/extension
hyperextension
plantar flexion/dorsiflexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is flexion

A

decreasing joint angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is extension

A

increasing joint angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is hyperflexion

A

flexion beyond “normal range”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is hyperextension

A

extension beyond “normal range”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the 2 interpretations of “normal range”

A
  1. past anatomical position/cardinal plane

2. past physiological possibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

describe neck flexion

A

bringing chin towards chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

describe neck extension

A

bringing head back to anatomical position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

describe neck hyperextension

A

extending head towards posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

describe shoulder flexion

A

lifting arm up perpendicular to body (arm is in front of body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

describe shoulder extension

A

bringing arm straight next to body

30
Q

describe shoulder hyperflexion

A

lifting arm straight above head or past 90 degrees to body

31
Q

describe elbow flexion

A

bending elbow atforearm

32
Q

describe elbow extension

A

straightening forearm

33
Q

describe wrist flexion

A

decreasing angle between palm of hand and forearm

34
Q

describe trunk flexion

A

vertebral joints cause curving and lower ribs are brought to hips

35
Q

describe hip flexion

A

bringing thigh closer to trunk

36
Q

describe knee flexion

A

bending knee to bring shank closer to rear

37
Q

describe ankle dorsiflexion

A

decreasing angle between toes and shank

38
Q

describe ankle plantar flexion

A

pointing toes

39
Q

what are movements around the anteroposterior axis in the frontal plane

A

abduction/adduction, radial deviation/ulnar deviation, inversion/eversion, elevation/depression, upward rotation/downward rotation, lateral flexion

40
Q

describe lateral right/left neck flexion

A

bringing ear towards shoulder. returning from right lateral neck flexion is left lateral neck flexion, and vice versa

41
Q

what is abduction

A

moving away from midline

42
Q

what is adduction

A

moving towards midline

43
Q

what is hyperabduction

A

abduction past 180 degree pt

44
Q

what is hyperadduction

A

adduction past 0 degree point

45
Q

what is upward scapular rotation

A

bottom of scapula (inferior angle) moves laterally, top (superior angle) moves medially;
occurs with shoulder abduction as well

46
Q

what is downward scapular rotation

A

return to normal;

occurs with shoulder adduction

47
Q

describe lateral right/left trunk flexion

A

a movement occuring at vertebrae, trunk tilts to right or left

48
Q

describe foot eversion

A

tilting outside of foot up

49
Q

describe inversion

A

tilting inside side of foot inward

50
Q

what are movements around the longitudinal axes in the transverse plane

A

internal (medial) rotation/external (lateral) rotation;
pronation/supination;
horizontal abduction/adduction

51
Q

describe circumduction

A

movement in a conic fashion;
multiplanar movement (saggital and frontal planes);
combination of flexion,adduction, extension, and adduction

52
Q

what body parts circumduct

A

neck, shoulder, fungers/thumb. trunk, hip, ankle

53
Q

describe horizontal adduction/abduction of shoulder

A

shoulder is adducted/abducted while “in flexion”

54
Q

what plane does horizontal adduction/abduction occur in

A

transverse

55
Q

describe pronation of the foot

A

dorsiflexion at anke and eversion in the tarsals (foot twisted up and out)

56
Q

describe supination of the foot

A

plantarflexion at ankle, inversion in the tarsals (more weight on outside of foot)

57
Q

functions of skeleton

A

leverage and support

58
Q

what are osteocytes

A

bone cells

59
Q

what are osteoblasts

A

cells that create bone (think blast = build)

60
Q

what are osteoclasts

A

cells that resorb bone (think clast = clean)

61
Q

describe cortical bone tissue

A

compact and very dense outer layer

62
Q

describe cancellous bone tissue

A

spongy, very porous, inner layer

63
Q

describe epiphyseal cartilage

A

cartilage separating the ends from the rest of the bone. Also called the “growth plate”

64
Q

what is the diaphysis

A

the bone between the 2 growth plates, the middle

65
Q

what is the epiphysis

A

the ends of the bone

66
Q

what is endochondral ossification

A

cartilage is replaced by bone

67
Q

describe resorption of bone

A

responds to decreased stress;
osteoclasts dominate;
disuse, immobilization, microgravity

68
Q

describe deposition

A

responds to increased stress

osteoblasts dominate; occurs due to weight-bearing exercise

69
Q

what is it called when there is not optimal stress or physiologic hypertropthy, and why?

A

pathologic/atrophy from underuse or decay or pathologic/destruction from overuse or injury

70
Q

what are 2 main ways to increase stress

A

higher frequency (reps) and higher weight (load)

71
Q

how does stress fracture occur

A

overuse, so resorption weakens bone and deposition occurs too slowly

Kinesiology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions