Lab 3. Pelvis, Hip Flashcards
illium
superior third bone of pelvic girdle
illiac crest
superior border of the wing of the illium
illiac spine
bony projection of the illiac bone on the anterior and superior extremity of the illiac crest
acetabulum
where all three bones of the pelvic girdle meet; a socket for articulation with femoral head
ischium
body of pelvic girdle fused with 2 other bones, ramus fused with pubis
ischial tuberosity
a large swelling posteriorly on the superior ramus of the ischium. It marks the lateral boundary of the pelvic outlet. When sitting, the weight is frequently placed here
pubis
bone of pelvic girldle fused with 2 other bones; ramus fused with ischium
pubic crest
medial to pubic tubercle and extends to medial end of pubis; It affords attachment to the inguinal falx, and to the abdominal external oblique muscle and pyramidalis muscle.
pubic symphysis
the midline cartilaginous joint (secondary cartilaginous) uniting the superior rami of the left and right pubic bones. is is superior to the external genitalia; for females it is above the vulva and for males it is above the penis. Is close to clitoris in females
pubic tubercle
on the upper border of the superior ramus of the pubis. inguinal ligament attaches to it.
Pectineal line (of pubis)
ridge on the superior ramus of the pubis
superior pubic ramus
a part of the pubic bone which forms a portion of the obturator foramen. It extends from the body to the median plane where it articulates with its fellow of the opposite side
inferior pubic ramus
is a part of the pelvis and is thin and flat. It passes laterally and downward from the medial end of the superior ramus; it becomes narrower as it descends and joins with the inferior ramus of the ischium below the obturator foramen.
femur
long bone of thigh. is the longest bone of the body
femur head
point of articulation with acetabulum of coxal bone
femur neck
most common fracture site of femur, located below head
gluteal tuberosity of femur
lateral ridge of linea aspersa; gives attachment to part of gluteus maximus
linea aspera
a ridge of roughened surface on the posterior surface of the femur, to which are attached muscles and intermuscular septum; it is an important insertion point for the adductors and the intermuscular septa that divides the thigh into three compartments
pectineal line of femur
intermediate ridge on posterior surface of femur that continues to the base of the lesser trochanter and gives attachement to pectineus muscle
adductor tubercle of femur
tubercle on lower extremity of femur
medial supracondyle line
This ridge-like line of the femur extending from the adductor tubercle to the base of the linea aspera. It is prominent at its distal end near the tubercle where it serves as the attachment site for the membranous expansion of the adductor magnus muscle. Its proximal portion is the attachment site of the vastus medialis muscle.
lateral supracondyle line
This is a ridge of the femur extending from the distal end of the linea aspera to the lateral condyle. It is most pronounced in its proximal part where the short head of the biceps femoris muscle and the lateral intermuscular septum attach to it. Near the lateral condyle it becomes slightly roughened for the attachment of the plantaris muscle.
greater trochanter of femur
the knob-like lateral projection at the proximal end of the femur. It serves as the site of attachment for the gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, piriformis, obturator internus, superior and inferior gemellus, and obturator externus muscles.
lesser trochanter
the smaller posterior projecting protuberance at the medial base of the femoral neck. It serves as the site of attachment for the psoas major, iliacus, and upper part of the adductor magnus muscles.
intertrochanteric line
rough ridge of bone that runs obliquely medially from the anterior surface of the greater trochanter to a position just anterior to the lesser trochanter. It serves as the attachment site for the iliofemoral ligament and the proximal-most fibers of the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis muscles.
medial condyle of femur
larger projection on the lower extremity of the femur, on medial side
lateral condyle of femur
lateral projection on lower extremity of femur
femoral notch
indention between medial and lateral condyles on femur
Iliotibial band/tract (IT band) origin
anterior iliac crest outer lip, anterior border of the ilium, outer surface of anterior superior iliac spine
IT band insertion
- iliotibial band of fascia lata on lateroanterior aspect of thigh, about 1/3 of the way down; - inserts proximally into the lateral epicondyle of the femur then passes in its broad expansion between lateral aspect of patella; - inserts distally on gerdy’s tubercle: on the lateral aspect of tibia tubercle;
IT band action
thigh flexion at the hip, abduction, and medial rotation; - stabilizes the knee laterally; - iliotibial band moves forward in extension and backward in flexion but is tense in both positions; very important for stability
Gluteus maximus origin
ilium posterior to posterior to gluteal line, dorsal surface pf sacrum and coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament
gluteus maximus insertion
most fibers end in iliotibial tract that inserts into lateral condyle of tibia; some fibers insert on gluteal tuberosity of femur
gluteus maximus main actions
extends thigh at hip and assists in its lateral rotation; steadies thigh and assists in raising trunk from flexed position
gluteus maximus strengthening
position body with hands and knees on ground. lift and extend one leg, bending at knee. pulse leg up in air, lower, repeat.
gluteus maximus stretching
laying on back, flex one leg and bend knee, pulling knee towards chest
psoas major origin
transverse process of lumbar vertebrae; sides of bodies of T12 - L5 vertebrae, and intervening intervertebral discs
psoas major insertion
lesser trochanter of femur
iliacus and psoas major actions
flexes hip and stabalizes hip joint; acts with psoas major
psoas major and iliacus strengthening
standing, flex hip with resistanceband attached to foot behind you
psoas major and iliacus stretching
while standing, extend hip and flex knee, hold foot with hand, and pull foot towards rear.
rectus femoris origin
anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulum
rectus femoris insertion
patella, tibial tuberosity
rectus fermoris action
extends leg at knee joint; rectus femoris also steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh at hip
rectus femoris strengthening
while standing with resistance band attached to ankle and connected somewhere in front of self, hyperextend leg
rectus femoris stretching
kneel on ground, flex one leg and flex that legs kneeling so foot is on ground in front, then take shank with knee on ground and flex knee, pulling leg towards rear.
Biceps femoris origin
long head: ischial tuberosity; short head: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur
biceps femoris insertion
lateral condyle of tibia, head of fibula
biceps femoris main actions
flexes leg at knee and rotates it laterally; extends thigh at hip, e.g., when starting to walk (long head only)
biceps femoris strengthening
with resistance band attached to ankle and in front of body, flex leg at knee, then extend knee, then repeat
biceps femoris stretching
forward fold: stand, extend leg with knee straightened, and lean over and reach for foot with torso and hands
Semimembranosus and semitendinosus origin
ischial tuberosity
semimembranosus insertion
medial condyle of tibia
Semimembranosus and semitendinosus main actions
extends thigh at hip; flexes leg at knee and rotates it medially; with flexed hip and knee, extends trunk.0
semitendinosis insertion
medial tibia
semitendinosis and semimembranosus strengthening
with weight strap on ankle, hyperextend leg at hip
semitendinisis and semimembranosus stretching
flex leg at hip, keep leg straight, flex foot, bend opposite leg by flexing knee, lean torso over straightened leg to reach for flexed foot
adductor brevis origin
body and inferior ramus of pubis
adductor brevis insertion
pectineal line of proximal part of linea aspera of femur
adductor brevis main actions
adducts thigh at hip and to some extent flexes
adductor brevis strengthening
lay on side with top hip and leg bent so that inside of top knee is rested on ground in front oft body. straighten bottom leg and lift, adducting with body weight
adductor brevis stretching
sit on ground with legs flexed, knees bent, legs externally rotated and abducted (in butterfly position) and feet flexed and bottoms of feet touching. bend torso over legs
adductor longus origin
body of pubis inferior to pubic crest
adductor longus insertion
middle third of linea aspera of femur
adductor longus main actions
adducts and medially rotates thigh at hip
adductor longus strengthening
lay on side with top hip and leg bent so that inside of top knee is rested on ground in front oft body. straighten bottom leg and lift, adducting and medially rotating with body weight
adductor longus stretching
sit on ground with legs flexed, knees bent, legs externally rotated and abducted (in butterfly position) and feet flexed and bottoms of feet touching. bend torso over legs
addutor magnus origin
inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium, and ischial tuberosity
adductor magnus insertion
gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line (adductor part), and adductor tubercle of femur (hamstring part)
adductor magnus main actions
adducts thigh at hip; adductor part: also flexes thigh at hip; hamstring part: etxends thigh
adductor magnus strengthening
while standing with weight on ankle flex and adduct thigh, then abduct, then hyperextend thigh and adduct
adductor magnus stretching
sit on ground with legs flexed, knees bent, legs externally rotated and abducted (in butterfly position) and feet flexed and bottoms of feet touching. bend torso over legs
gracilis origin
body and inferior ramus of pubis
gracilis insertion
superior part of medial surface of tibia
gracilis main action
adducts thigh at hip, flexes leg at knee and helps rotate it medially
gracilis strengthening
standing with weight sandbag strapped on ankle, lift on foot and flex leg at knee, adducting and rotating it medially
gracilis stretch
while standing, abduct legs to that they are in a wide stance and with feet rotated laterally, bend one knee and lean torso towards bent knee, being careful not to move knee far past toes.
pectineus origin
superior ramus of pubis
pectineus insertion
pectineal line of femur, just inferior to lesser trochanter
pectineus main actions
adducts and flexes thigh at hip; assists with medial rotation of thigh
pectineus strengthening
standing with weight sandbag strapped on ankle, lift on foot and flex leg at knee, adducting and rotating it medially
pectinus stretch
while standing, abduct legs to that they are in a wide stance and with feet rotated laterally, bend one knee and lean torso towards bent knee, being careful not to more knee far past toes.
gluteus medius origin
external surface of illium
gluteus medius insertion
lateral surface of greater trochanter
gluteus medius and minimus action
abducts and medially rotates thigh at hip; steadies pelvis on limb when opposite limb is raised
gluteus medius and minimus strengthening
laying on side with legs stacked and flexed at hip and knee, abduct top leg away from bottom
gluteus medius and minimus stretching
with hands and feet on ground, body facing face-down towards ground, move in to pigeon pose by flexing leg at hip and knee, laterally rotating, then possibly leaning torso over bent leg, resting forearms or forehead on ground in front of leg
Tensor fascia latae origin
anterior superior iliac spine and anterior iliac crest
Tensor fascia latae insertion
IT band
Tensor fascia latae action
abducts, medially rotates, and flexes thigh at hip; helps keep knee extended
tensor fascia latae strengthening
laying on side with legs stacked and flexed at hip and knee, abduct top leg away from bottom
tensor fascia latae stretching
stand with arm abducted and flexed at elbow, hand pressed against wall, and hyperextend and adduct leg closest to wall behind straightened leg, pushing into wall
