Lab 3. Pelvis, Hip

Question 1

illium

Answer 1

superior third bone of pelvic girdle

Question 2

illiac crest

Answer 2

superior border of the wing of the illium

Question 3

illiac spine

Answer 3

bony projection of the illiac bone on the anterior and superior extremity of the illiac crest

Question 4

acetabulum

Answer 4

where all three bones of the pelvic girdle meet; a socket for articulation with femoral head

Question 5

ischium

Answer 5

body of pelvic girdle fused with 2 other bones, ramus fused with pubis

Question 6

ischial tuberosity

Answer 6

a large swelling posteriorly on the superior ramus of the ischium. It marks the lateral boundary of the pelvic outlet. When sitting, the weight is frequently placed here

Question 7

pubis

Answer 7

bone of pelvic girldle fused with 2 other bones; ramus fused with ischium

Question 8

pubic crest

Answer 8

medial to pubic tubercle and extends to medial end of pubis; It affords attachment to the inguinal falx, and to the abdominal external oblique muscle and pyramidalis muscle.

Question 9

pubic symphysis

Answer 9

the midline cartilaginous joint (secondary cartilaginous) uniting the superior rami of the left and right pubic bones. is is superior to the external genitalia; for females it is above the vulva and for males it is above the penis. Is close to clitoris in females

Question 10

pubic tubercle

Answer 10

on the upper border of the superior ramus of the pubis. inguinal ligament attaches to it.

Question 11

Pectineal line (of pubis)

Answer 11

ridge on the superior ramus of the pubis

Question 12

superior pubic ramus

Answer 12

a part of the pubic bone which forms a portion of the obturator foramen. It extends from the body to the median plane where it articulates with its fellow of the opposite side

Question 13

inferior pubic ramus

Answer 13

is a part of the pelvis and is thin and flat. It passes laterally and downward from the medial end of the superior ramus; it becomes narrower as it descends and joins with the inferior ramus of the ischium below the obturator foramen.

Question 14

femur

Answer 14

long bone of thigh. is the longest bone of the body

Question 15

femur head

Answer 15

point of articulation with acetabulum of coxal bone

Question 16

femur neck

Answer 16

most common fracture site of femur, located below head

Question 17

gluteal tuberosity of femur

Answer 17

lateral ridge of linea aspersa; gives attachment to part of gluteus maximus

Question 18

linea aspera

Answer 18

a ridge of roughened surface on the posterior surface of the femur, to which are attached muscles and intermuscular septum; it is an important insertion point for the adductors and the intermuscular septa that divides the thigh into three compartments

Question 19

pectineal line of femur

Answer 19

intermediate ridge on posterior surface of femur that continues to the base of the lesser trochanter and gives attachement to pectineus muscle

Question 20

adductor tubercle of femur

Answer 20

tubercle on lower extremity of femur

Question 21

medial supracondyle line

Answer 21

This ridge-like line of the femur extending from the adductor tubercle to the base of the linea aspera. It is prominent at its distal end near the tubercle where it serves as the attachment site for the membranous expansion of the adductor magnus muscle. Its proximal portion is the attachment site of the vastus medialis muscle.

Question 22

lateral supracondyle line

Answer 22

This is a ridge of the femur extending from the distal end of the linea aspera to the lateral condyle. It is most pronounced in its proximal part where the short head of the biceps femoris muscle and the lateral intermuscular septum attach to it. Near the lateral condyle it becomes slightly roughened for the attachment of the plantaris muscle.

Question 23

greater trochanter of femur

Answer 23

the knob-like lateral projection at the proximal end of the femur. It serves as the site of attachment for the gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, piriformis, obturator internus, superior and inferior gemellus, and obturator externus muscles.

Question 24

lesser trochanter

Answer 24

the smaller posterior projecting protuberance at the medial base of the femoral neck. It serves as the site of attachment for the psoas major, iliacus, and upper part of the adductor magnus muscles.

Question 25

intertrochanteric line

Answer 25

rough ridge of bone that runs obliquely medially from the anterior surface of the greater trochanter to a position just anterior to the lesser trochanter. It serves as the attachment site for the iliofemoral ligament and the proximal-most fibers of the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis muscles.

Question 26

medial condyle of femur

Answer 26

larger projection on the lower extremity of the femur, on medial side

Question 27

lateral condyle of femur

Answer 27

lateral projection on lower extremity of femur

Question 28

femoral notch

Answer 28

indention between medial and lateral condyles on femur

Question 29

Iliotibial band/tract (IT band) origin

Answer 29

anterior iliac crest outer lip, anterior border of the ilium, outer surface of anterior superior iliac spine

Question 30

IT band insertion

Answer 30

- iliotibial band of fascia lata on lateroanterior aspect of thigh, about 1/3 of the way down; - inserts proximally into the lateral epicondyle of the femur then passes in its broad expansion between lateral aspect of patella; - inserts distally on gerdy's tubercle: on the lateral aspect of tibia tubercle;

Question 31

IT band action

Answer 31

thigh flexion at the hip, abduction, and medial rotation; - stabilizes the knee laterally; - iliotibial band moves forward in extension and backward in flexion but is tense in both positions; very important for stability

Question 32

Gluteus maximus origin

Answer 32

ilium posterior to posterior to gluteal line, dorsal surface pf sacrum and coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament

Question 33

gluteus maximus insertion

Answer 33

most fibers end in iliotibial tract that inserts into lateral condyle of tibia; some fibers insert on gluteal tuberosity of femur

Question 34

gluteus maximus main actions

Answer 34

extends thigh at hip and assists in its lateral rotation; steadies thigh and assists in raising trunk from flexed position

Question 35

gluteus maximus strengthening

Answer 35

position body with hands and knees on ground. lift and extend one leg, bending at knee. pulse leg up in air, lower, repeat.

Question 36

gluteus maximus stretching

Answer 36

laying on back, flex one leg and bend knee, pulling knee towards chest

Question 37

psoas major origin

Answer 37

transverse process of lumbar vertebrae; sides of bodies of T12 - L5 vertebrae, and intervening intervertebral discs

Question 38

psoas major insertion

Answer 38

lesser trochanter of femur

Question 39

iliacus and psoas major actions

Answer 39

flexes hip and stabalizes hip joint; acts with psoas major

Question 40

psoas major and iliacus strengthening

Answer 40

standing, flex hip with resistanceband attached to foot behind you

Question 41

psoas major and iliacus stretching

Answer 41

while standing, extend hip and flex knee, hold foot with hand, and pull foot towards rear.

Question 42

rectus femoris origin

Answer 42

anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulum

Question 43

rectus femoris insertion

Answer 43

patella, tibial tuberosity

Question 44

rectus fermoris action

Answer 44

extends leg at knee joint; rectus femoris also steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh at hip

Question 45

rectus femoris strengthening

Answer 45

while standing with resistance band attached to ankle and connected somewhere in front of self, hyperextend leg

Question 46

rectus femoris stretching

Answer 46

kneel on ground, flex one leg and flex that legs kneeling so foot is on ground in front, then take shank with knee on ground and flex knee, pulling leg towards rear.

Question 47

Biceps femoris origin

Answer 47

long head: ischial tuberosity; short head: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur

Question 48

biceps femoris insertion

Answer 48

lateral condyle of tibia, head of fibula

Question 49

biceps femoris main actions

Answer 49

flexes leg at knee and rotates it laterally; extends thigh at hip, e.g., when starting to walk (long head only)

Question 50

biceps femoris strengthening

Answer 50

with resistance band attached to ankle and in front of body, flex leg at knee, then extend knee, then repeat

Question 51

biceps femoris stretching

Answer 51

forward fold: stand, extend leg with knee straightened, and lean over and reach for foot with torso and hands

Question 52

Semimembranosus and semitendinosus origin

Answer 52

ischial tuberosity

Question 53

semimembranosus insertion

Answer 53

medial condyle of tibia

Question 54

Semimembranosus and semitendinosus main actions

Answer 54

extends thigh at hip; flexes leg at knee and rotates it medially; with flexed hip and knee, extends trunk.0

Question 55

semitendinosis insertion

Answer 55

medial tibia

Question 56

semitendinosis and semimembranosus strengthening

Answer 56

with weight strap on ankle, hyperextend leg at hip

Question 57

semitendinisis and semimembranosus stretching

Answer 57

flex leg at hip, keep leg straight, flex foot, bend opposite leg by flexing knee, lean torso over straightened leg to reach for flexed foot

Question 58

adductor brevis origin

Answer 58

body and inferior ramus of pubis

Question 59

adductor brevis insertion

Answer 59

pectineal line of proximal part of linea aspera of femur

Question 60

adductor brevis main actions

Answer 60

adducts thigh at hip and to some extent flexes

Question 61

adductor brevis strengthening

Answer 61

lay on side with top hip and leg bent so that inside of top knee is rested on ground in front oft body. straighten bottom leg and lift, adducting with body weight

Question 62

adductor brevis stretching

Answer 62

sit on ground with legs flexed, knees bent, legs externally rotated and abducted (in butterfly position) and feet flexed and bottoms of feet touching. bend torso over legs

Question 63

adductor longus origin

Answer 63

body of pubis inferior to pubic crest

Question 64

adductor longus insertion

Answer 64

middle third of linea aspera of femur

Question 65

adductor longus main actions

Answer 65

adducts and medially rotates thigh at hip

Question 66

adductor longus strengthening

Answer 66

lay on side with top hip and leg bent so that inside of top knee is rested on ground in front oft body. straighten bottom leg and lift, adducting and medially rotating with body weight

Question 67

adductor longus stretching

Answer 67

sit on ground with legs flexed, knees bent, legs externally rotated and abducted (in butterfly position) and feet flexed and bottoms of feet touching. bend torso over legs

Question 68

addutor magnus origin

Answer 68

inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium, and ischial tuberosity

Question 69

adductor magnus insertion

Answer 69

gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line (adductor part), and adductor tubercle of femur (hamstring part)

Question 70

adductor magnus main actions

Answer 70

adducts thigh at hip; adductor part: also flexes thigh at hip; hamstring part: etxends thigh

Question 71

adductor magnus strengthening

Answer 71

while standing with weight on ankle flex and adduct thigh, then abduct, then hyperextend thigh and adduct

Question 72

adductor magnus stretching

Answer 72

sit on ground with legs flexed, knees bent, legs externally rotated and abducted (in butterfly position) and feet flexed and bottoms of feet touching. bend torso over legs

Question 73

gracilis origin

Answer 73

body and inferior ramus of pubis

Question 74

gracilis insertion

Answer 74

superior part of medial surface of tibia

Question 75

gracilis main action

Answer 75

adducts thigh at hip, flexes leg at knee and helps rotate it medially

Question 76

gracilis strengthening

Answer 76

standing with weight sandbag strapped on ankle, lift on foot and flex leg at knee, adducting and rotating it medially

Question 77

gracilis stretch

Answer 77

while standing, abduct legs to that they are in a wide stance and with feet rotated laterally, bend one knee and lean torso towards bent knee, being careful not to move knee far past toes.

Question 78

pectineus origin

Answer 78

superior ramus of pubis

Question 79

pectineus insertion

Answer 79

pectineal line of femur, just inferior to lesser trochanter

Question 80

pectineus main actions

Answer 80

adducts and flexes thigh at hip; assists with medial rotation of thigh

Question 81

pectineus strengthening

Answer 81

standing with weight sandbag strapped on ankle, lift on foot and flex leg at knee, adducting and rotating it medially

Question 82

pectinus stretch

Answer 82

while standing, abduct legs to that they are in a wide stance and with feet rotated laterally, bend one knee and lean torso towards bent knee, being careful not to more knee far past toes.

Question 83

gluteus medius origin

Answer 83

external surface of illium

Question 84

gluteus medius insertion

Answer 84

lateral surface of greater trochanter

Question 85

gluteus medius and minimus action

Answer 85

abducts and medially rotates thigh at hip; steadies pelvis on limb when opposite limb is raised

Question 86

gluteus medius and minimus strengthening

Answer 86

laying on side with legs stacked and flexed at hip and knee, abduct top leg away from bottom

Question 87

gluteus medius and minimus stretching

Answer 87

with hands and feet on ground, body facing face-down towards ground, move in to pigeon pose by flexing leg at hip and knee, laterally rotating, then possibly leaning torso over bent leg, resting forearms or forehead on ground in front of leg

Question 88

Tensor fascia latae origin

Answer 88

anterior superior iliac spine and anterior iliac crest

Question 89

Tensor fascia latae insertion

Answer 89

IT band

Question 90

Tensor fascia latae action

Answer 90

abducts, medially rotates, and flexes thigh at hip; helps keep knee extended

Question 91

tensor fascia latae strengthening

Answer 91

laying on side with legs stacked and flexed at hip and knee, abduct top leg away from bottom

Question 92

tensor fascia latae stretching

Answer 92

stand with arm abducted and flexed at elbow, hand pressed against wall, and hyperextend and adduct leg closest to wall behind straightened leg, pushing into wall