ankle and foot Flashcards
femur popliteal surface
the posterior surface of the lower end of the femur between the diverging lips of the linea aspera
medial condyle of femur
medial projection on lower extremity of femur; larger than lateral
lateral condyle
lateral projection on lower extremity of femur
tibial soleal line
an obliquely oriented line passing distally from lateral to medial; sits posteriorly in the proximal third of the tibia; a rought ridge of bone that serves as the attachement sit for the soleus muscle
tibial medial malleolus
prominence on medial aspect of ankle
tibial lateral condyle
lateral projection of upper extremity of tibia
fibula head
upper extremity of fibula; irregular quadrate form
lateral malleolus of fibula
bony lump situated at the outer aspect of the ankle
tarsals
calcaneus, talus, navicular, and cuneiforms
calcaneus tarsal
articulates with talus superiorly and cubiod anteriorly
talus tarsal
transfers weight from tibia to foot; no muscles attachment
navicular tarsal
boat-shaped between talar head and three cuneiforms
cuneiform tarsals
three wedge-shaped bones
metatarsals
numbered 1-5, from big toe to little toe; possess base, shaft, and head
phalanges
three for each digit except great toe; possess base, shaft, and head; termed proximal, middle and distal
interosseous membrane origin
tibia
interosseous membrane insertion
fibula
interosseous membrane action
keeps two bones moving together
achilles/calcaneal tendon origin
gastrocnemius and soleus muscles
achilles/calcaneal tendon insertion
calcaneous
achilles.calcaneal tendon actions
plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle, flexion at the knee
anterior talofibular (lateral collateral) ligament origin, insertion, and notes
origin: lateral malleolus insertion: talus and calcaneous notes: weak and often sprained; resists inversion of foot; has 3 parts
calcaneofibular ligament origin, insertion, and action
origin: lateral malleous insertion: lateral surface of calcaneous action: opposed the hyperinversion of the subtalar joint, as in an ankle sprain
deltoid (medial) ligament origin, insertion, and action
origin: medial malleous insertion: talus, calcaneous, and navicular action: limits eversion of foot; maintains medial long arch; has four parts
gastrocnemus origin
lateral head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur. medial head: poplietal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle
gastrocnemus and soleus insertion
posterior aspect of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
gastrocnemus action
plantarflexes foot at ankle; raises heel during walking; flexes leg at knee joint
gastrocnemius, soleus, and tibialis posterior strengthening
calf raises - stand on a step with heels hanging off back, then raise and lower on your toes
gastrocnemius, soleus, and tibialis posterior stretching
down dog: with hands and feet on ground and hips flexes, raise and lower heels to push heels to ground
soleus origin
posterior aspect of head of fibula, superior fourth of posterior surface of fibula, soleal line, and medial border of tibia
soleus and tibialis posterior action
plantarflexes foot at ankle; steadies leg on foot
tibialis anterior origin
lateral condyle and superior half of lateral surface of tibia
tibialis anterior insertion
medial and inferior surfaces of medial and cuneiform and base of first metatarsal
tibialis anterior action
dorsiflexes foot at ankle and inverts foot
tibilais anterior strengthening
tie one end of resistance band to object on floor and other end around toes. sit facing the object with your toes pointed forward and repeatedly flex ankle to stretch the band and return to starting position
tibialis anterior stretching
stand and flex knee, pulling foot to butt with hand
peroneus (fibularis) longus origin
head and superior 2 thirds of lateral surface of fibula
peroneus (fibularis) longus insertion
base of first metatarsal and medial cuneiform
peroneus (fibularis) brevis origin
inferior 2 thirds of lateral surface of fibula
peroneus (fibularis) brevis insertion
dorsal aspect of tuberosity on lateral side of 5th metatarsal
peroneus (fibularis) longus and brevis action
everts foot and weakly plantarflexes foot at ankle
peroneus (fibularis) longus and brevis strengthening
resistance band around foot; start with foot inversted (facing inwards) and then evert it; repeat
peroneus (fibularis) longus and brevis stretching
sit in a chair with anke resting on a knee. with your hands, point the foot (plantarflex) and turnthe sole of the foot upwards
extensor hallucis longus origin
middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
extenson hallucis longus insertion
dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe
extenson hallucis longus action
extends great toe and dorsiflexes foot at ankle
extensor digitorum longus origin
lateral condyle of tibia and superior 3/4ths of anterior surface of interosseous membrane and fibula
extensor digitorum longus insertion
middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits
extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus strengthening
sit down and raise the toes and forefoot up off the floor; repeat
extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus stretching
plantarflex ankle and put top of foot on ground; stretch shin
