Vertebral Column Muscles Flashcards
what is the collective name of the per-vertebral muscles
abdominals
what is the collective name of the post-vertebral muscles
erector spinae
what is the action that both the pre and post vertebral muscles perform
lateral flexion
what is the action of the abdominals?
trunk flexion
what is the action of the erector spinae
trunk extension
what are the post vertebral muscles seen as on either side of the vertebral column
seen as 2 large columns of muscle on either side of the vertebral column
what are the post vertebral muscles surrounded by anteriorly and posteriorly?
thoracolumbar fascia
what is thoracolumbar fascia
layer of fascia that covers the deeper muscles (deep to Latissimus Dorsi) of the back
what is the common origin of the erector spinal group?
Posterior sacrum and iliac crest
what are the 3 Erector Spinae muscles
1) spinalis
2) longissimus
3) iliocostalis
what is the origin and insertion for spinals
Origin = sacrum and iliac crest Insertion = spinous processes (sides)
What is the main action of spinals, Longissimus and iliocostalis
trunk extension
what is the origin and insertion for Longissimus?
Origin: Sacrum and Iliac Crest
Insertion: Transverse Processes
What is the origin and insertion for Iliocostalis?
Posterior aspect of the ribs
what is the order from medial to lateral of the erector spinae?
spinalis, longissimus, ilocostalis
which erector spinae muscle is palpable behind the ear
longissimus
what is the importance of the many short muscles that run between vertebrae
important for segmental movementsand stability
where do the transversospinalis muscles run
fill in gaps between spinous processes and transverse processes
what are the 3 transversospinalis muscles of the deep muscles of the back?
Semispinalis, Multifidus, Rotatores
Where do the segmental muscles run?
between various segments
what are the 3 segmental muscles of the deep muscles of the back?
Interspinalis, Intertransversarii, Levatores Costarum
What is the origin and insertion for Quadratus Lumborum
Origin: iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament and transverse process of L5
Insertion: rib 12 and transverse processes of L1-L4
what is the main action(s) of Quadratus Lumborum?
Trunk extension (unilaterally), Lateral Flexion (bilaterally), stabilize the 12th rib during inspiration, and stabilize pelvis
__________ are the flat, wide muscles that form the anterior and lateral abdominal wall
Pre Vertebral Muscles
what are the pre vertebral muscles innervated by?
intercostal nerves
what are the 2 functions of the pre vertebral muscles?
1) protection - abdominal contents
2) movement - trunk into flexion
how are the pre vertebral muscles arranged?
four muscles arranged in 3 layers laterally and one on either side of the midline
the 3 lateral (pre vertebral) muscles become _______ medially
aponeurotic
where do the Pre vertebral muscles meet?
linea alba
linea alba
“white line” - where aponeurosis of one side meets aponeurosis of the other side
where does the linea alba run?
from xiphoid process to symphysis pubis
what are the 4 prevertebral muscles?
1) external abdominal oblique
2) Internal abdominal oblique
3) Transversus Abdominis
4) Rectus Abdominis
Origin and insertion for external abdominal oblique?
Origin: Lower 8 ribs by digitation
Insertion: Linea alba, iliac crest to pubis
what is formed by the free edge of the external abdominal oblique?
inguinal ligament
Origin and Insertion for internal abdominal oblique?
Origin: Anterior Iliac crest, inguinal ligament and thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion: Linea alba, lower 4 ribs (costal cartilage)
what are the main actions of the obliques
- Rotation (External of one side with Internal of the other side)
- Lateral flexion (External and Internal of the same side)
Origin and Insertion of Transversus Abdominis
Origin: Iliac crest, inguinal ligament, thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion: linea alba
main action of transversus abdominis
stabilize spine, increase intra-abdominal pressure
Origin and insertion of rectus abdominis
Origin: body of pubis and pubic symphysis
insertion: costal cartilage of ribs 5,6,7, and xiphoid process
rectus abdominis is divided by 3 tendinous inscriptions…what are they?
1) superiorly at xiphoid process
2) inferiorly at umbilicus
3) another one halfway between
what is the main action of rectus abdominis?
trunk flexion
what is the order from superficial to deep of the 3 lateral prevertebral muscles?
external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, transversus abdominis
rectus sheath
sleeve of fascia formed by aponeurotic tendons of abdominals
which of the prevertebral muscles is enclosed by the rectus sheath?
rectus abdominis
what are the 5 main actions of the abdominals
1) flexion
2) lateral flexion
3) rotation
4) compression
5) Stabilization
which abdominal muscles perform flexion
rectus abdominis (main), obliques (bilaterally)
how is lateral flexion performed
action performed only if one side is activated
which abdominal muscles perform rotation
obliques
which abdominal muscles perform compression
transversus abdominis (main), all muscles
which abdominal muscles perform stabilization
all
which position puts the least stress of the discs in the vertebral column?
neutral position
what are strong abdominals and erector spinae needed for?
trunk stabilization
are partially bent leg, or straight leg sit ups better. why?
Partially bent because it targets the right muscles
