Pelvic Girdle - Class #2 Flashcards
the two bones that make up the pelvic girdle
innominate bones
the bony pelvis is made up of what 3 things?
1) sacrum
2) Coccyx
3) innominates
What are the 3 functions of the pelvis?
1) protection (abdomen and reproductive organs)
2) weight bearing
3) locomotion
what is the superior part of the innominate bone?
ilium
what is the inferior and posterior part of the innominate bone?
ischium
what is the inferior and anterior part of the innominate bone?
pubis
three bones meet at a large depression called the ______
acetabulum
3 facts about the acetabulum?
1) where 3 bones fuse
2) found on the external surface of the innominates
3) “socket” of the hip joint
fossa
hollow/depressed
tuberosity
large rounded elevation
notch
indentation at the end of bone
where is the attachment for the iliac muscle?
iliac fossa
spine
thorn-like projection
tubercle
small, raised part of bone (for ligament attachment)
ramus
bar of bone
foramen
hole or passageway through bone
acetabulum
where ilium, ischium and pubis meet
what surface of the innominate bone is the acetabulum found on?
external
which bony landmark is covered by the acetabular labrum
lunate surface
4 ways to identify the orientation of innominate bone
1) superiorly - iliac crest
2) inferiorly - obturator foramen
3) posteriorly - sciatic notch
4) laterally - acetabulum
crest
ridge of bone
line
linear elevation
5 fused vertebral bones, form the triangular shaped _____
sacrum
where is the sacrum located
posteriorly, between the innominate bones
is the sacrum convex or concave posteriorly
convex
the base of the sacrum articulates with what?
the disc of lumbar vertebrae #5
where is the sacral promontory located
directly under the base of the sacrum (on the anterior side)
where are the exits for nerves and blood vessels on the anterior surface of the sacrum?
anterior sacral foramina
auricular surface
ear shaped
what is analogous to spinous processes of vertebrae?
medial sacral crest
_____ is the enclosed passageway of the sacrum that houses nerves
sacral canal
what is the better name for the “tailbone”
coccyx
_____ is inferior to the sacrum
coccyx
___ fused vertebral bones make up the coccyx
4
why is the bony pelvis made up of large and heavy bones?
for weight bearing and locomotion
what complete shape does the bony pelvis form and why
complete circle and protects internal organs
inlet
brim
pelvic inlet
superior opening
what is the pelvic inlet delineated by
iliopectineal line and sacral promontory
pelvic outlet
inferior opening
true pelvis
inferior to pelvic inlet
false pelvis
superior to pelvic inlet
differences between inlet shape of bony pelvis in men and women
men -circular/heart
women - oval/wider
differences between inlet width of bony pelvis in men and women
men - narrower
women - wider
differences between sacral width of bony pelvis in men and women
men - narrower
women - wider (to accomodate space)
differences between sacral curve of bony pelvis in men and women
men - curved in and under
women - less curved
differences between pubic arch of bony pelvis in men and women
men - “v” shaped
women - “u” shaped
the sacroiliac joint is the articulation between the _______ of the ilium and the __________ of the sacrum
articular surface of the ilium and the auricular surface of the sacrum
what type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?
synovial - plane joint
___ strong ligaments support the sacroiliac joint
5
the weight of the upper body is transferred to the lower body through the _______ joint
sacroiliac joint
what are the 5 ligaments of the sacroiliac joint?
1) anterior sacroiliac ligament
2) posterior sacroiliac ligament
3) iliolumbar ligament
4) sucrospinous ligament
5) sucrotuberous ligament
what are the attachment points of the anterior sacroiliac ligament?
anterior sacrum to iliac fossa
what are the attachment points of the posterior sacroiliac ligament?
sacral tuberosity to iliac tuberosity
what are the attachment points of the iliolumbar ligament?
5th lumbar vertebrae to iliac crest
what are the attachment points of the sacrospinous ligament?
posterior aspect of the sacrum to ischial spine
what are the attachment points of the sacrotuberous ligament?
posterior aspect of the sacrum to ischial tuberosity
what is the purpose of the anterior sacroiliac ligament, the posterior sacroiliac ligament and the iliolumbar ligament?
to resist the pulling apart of the innominate bones
what is the purpose of the sacrospinous ligament and the sacrotuberous ligament?
resists tilting of the sacrum into pelvis
which two ligaments cross to create the greater and lesser sciatic foramen
sacrospinous an sacrotuberous
the symphysis pubis is the articulation between the ______ of each pubic bone
symphyscal surface
what kind of joint is the symphysis pubis?
cartilaginous
what gives the symphysis pubis slight, but minimal movement
dense fibrocartilage disc
_______ cartilage is on the ends of the articulating surfaces of the symphysis pubis?
hyaline cartilage
why does the dense fibrocartilage disc (and the sacroiliac joint) of the symphysis soften during pregnancy
for expansion of the birth canal (due to the hormone relaxin)
what is the longest and heaviest bone in the body?
femur
Angle of the femur
quadriceps “q” angle
why does the femur have a q angle?
to support bipedal posture (obliquely angled towards the midline)
increased angle of femur = what?
increase stress on knees = increased risk of injury to knee structures
what are the degrees of the femur angle in men? women?
men - 14 degrees
women - 17 degrees
which bony landmark provides blood supply to the head of the femur?
fovea capitis
which condyle of the femur is longer and why?
medial condyle is longer than lateral – important for knee mechanics
what is the difference between condyles and epicondyles
larger than epicondyle and participate in the joint
3 ways to identify the orientation of the femur?
1) superiorly -head
2) anteriorly - patellar surface
3) posteriorly - condyles
what type of joint is the hip joint
synovial - ball and socket - multi-axial
what articulates n the hip joints
the acetabulum of the innominate bone articulates with the head of the femur
______ of the acetabulum deepens “socket” of hip joint
labrum
what are the 2 attachment points for the ligament of the head of the femur?
fovea capitis and acetabular notch
what is another name for the ligament of the head of the femur?
ligamentum teres of the femur
what are the 3 capsular ligaments that reinforce the hip joint and prevent excessive extension (hyperextension)
1) iliofemoral ligament
2) ischiofemoral ligament
3) pubofemoral ligament
attachment points for the iliofemoral ligament
anterior inferior iliac spine to greeater trochanter and intertrochanteric lin
attachment points for the ischiofemoral ligament
posterior acetabular margin (ischium) to greater trochanter and intertrochanteric line
attahcment points for the pubofemoral ligament
body of pubis to neck of femur
iliofemoral ligament restrictuon
hip hyperextension and external rotation
ischiofemoral ligament restriction
hip hyperextension and medial rotation
pubofemoral ligament restriction
hip hyperetenion and abduction
reinforcement of iliofemoral ligament?
reinforces joint capsule anteriorly
reinforcement of ischiofemoral ligament?
reinforces joint capsule superiorly and posteriorly
reinforcement of pubofemoral ligament?
reinforces joint capsule inferiorly
true or false: proximal attachment of ischiofemoral ligament is posterior while distal attachment is anterior
true
