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Anatomy > Glenohumeral Joint (GH JOINT) > Flashcards

Glenohumeral Joint (GH JOINT) Flashcards

1
Q

what shape is the GH joint?

A

ball and soccer

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2
Q

what are the articulating surfaces at the GH joint?

A

glenoi fossa articulates with the head of humerus

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3
Q

what does the GH joint have to improve the bony fit?

A

glenoid labrum

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4
Q

how does the glenoid labrum improve the bony fit?

A

by deepening the socket

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5
Q

labrum

A

rim of fibrocartilage to deepen socket (improve bony fit)

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6
Q

what are the 4 main ligaments at the gh joint?

A

1) Glenohumeral ligament
2) Coracohumeral Ligament
3) Coracoacromial Ligament (arch)
4) Transverse Humeral Ligament

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7
Q

what are the proximal and distal attachments of the GH ligament?

A

proximal: margin of glenoid fossa
distal: anatomical neck of humerus

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8
Q

GH ligament is ___ capsular ligaments that surround the GH joint anteriorly

A

3

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9
Q

what does the GH ligament restrict?

A

lateral rotation of the glenohumeral joint

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10
Q

what are the proximal and distal attachments of the Coracohumeral ligament?

A

proximal: coracoid process
Distal: greater tubercle

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11
Q

what does the coracohumeral ligament restrict?

A

upward displacement of the humerus and lateral rotation of the GH joint

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12
Q

what are the proximal and distal attachments of the coracoacromial ligament?

A

Proximal: coracoid process
Distal: accordion process

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13
Q

what does the coracoacromial ligament form?

A

forms an arch above the GH joint

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14
Q

what does the coracoacromial ligament restrict

A

restricts dislocation of humerus in superior direction

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15
Q

subacromial bursa

A

reduces friction between supraspinatous tendon and acromial process

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16
Q

the Transverse humeral ligament runs obliquely from _______ to _______, bridging over bicipital groove.

A

from greater to lesser tubercle

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17
Q

what does the transverse humeral ligament convert the bicipital groove into?

A

a call which holds biceps brachia tendon in place

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18
Q

true or false: the GH joint has a poor fit and lax joint capsule

19
Q

true or false: it is impossible to dislocate the GH joint

A

FALSE: it is very commonly dislocated

20
Q

what is important to GH joint stability

A

muscular support

21
Q

what are the rotator cuff muscles

A

4 muscles that support the GH joint - their tendons blend with the GH capsule to lend support

22
Q

what do the rotator cuff muscles do

A

help pull humeral head into glenoid fossa

23
Q

what is the name given to the rotator cuff muscles

A

SITS muscles

24
Q

What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

A

1) supraspinatus
2) infraspinatus
3) teres minor
4) subscapularis

25
Q

What are the origin and insertion for the supraspinatus muscle?

A

origin: supraspinous fossa
insertion: greater tubercle of the humerous

26
Q

what is the main action of the supraspinatus muscle

A

initiates the first 15 degrees of GH abduction

27
Q

where does the supraspinatus muscle support the GH joint

A

Superiorly

28
Q

What are the origin and insertion of the infraspinatus ligament?

A

Origin: infraspinous fossa
Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus

29
Q

what is the main action of the infraspinatus muscle?

A

lateral rotation of the GH joint

30
Q

where does the infraspinatus muscle support the GH joint?

A

posteriorly

31
Q

What are the origin and insertion of the Teres Minor?

A

Origin: Axillary border of the scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus

32
Q

what is the main action of the the teres minor muscle?

A

lateral rotation of the GH joint

33
Q

where does the Teres minor muscle support the GH joint?

A

posteriorly

34
Q

What are the origin and insertion of the subscapularis?

A

Origin: Subscapular Fossa
Insertion: Lesser Tubercle

35
Q

What is the main action of the subscapularis?

A

medial rotation of the GH joint

36
Q

where does the subscapularis muscle support the GH joint?

A

anteriorly

37
Q

what are the 5 movements of the GH joint?

A

1) Flexion/Extension
2) Abduction/Adduction
3 Circumduction
4) Lateral/Medial Rotation
5) Horizontal Flexion/Extension

38
Q

what is ROM in pure abduction increased by?

A

upward rotation of the scapula

39
Q

what is scapulohumeral rhythm

A

2 degrees of abduction for every 1 degree of upward rotation

40
Q

what are some typical problems at the GH joint?

A

1) dislocation
2) overuse
3) impingement
4) Bicipital tendinitis

41
Q

GH dislocation

A

can occur anteriorly, posteriorly or inferiorly

42
Q

GH overuse injury

A

repetitive overhead movements (especially with rotation)

43
Q

GH impingement

A

supraspinatus tendon pinched between acromion and head of humerus

44
Q

bicipital tendonitis

A

long head of biceps brachia tendon runs through GH joint capsule (intracapsular) and becomes inflamed

Anatomy (22 decks)

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