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Anatomy > Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

how many individual vertebrae (bones) is the vertebral column comprised of?

A

33

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2
Q

During development, some of the bones of the vertebral column fuse, resulting in ___ individual bony segments

A

26

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3
Q

how many cervical (neck) vertebrae are there?

A

7

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4
Q

how many thoracic (upper back) vertebrae are there?

A

12

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5
Q

How many lumbar (lower back) vertebrae are there?

A

5

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6
Q

how many sacral (buttocks) vertebrae are there?

A

5 fused

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7
Q

how many coccygeal (pelvic floor) vertebrae are there?

A

4 fused

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8
Q

What are the 3 functions of the vertebral column?

A

1) support/upright posture
2) protection
3) movement

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9
Q

what are the 2 projections from the posterior body of each vertebrae called

A

pedicles

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10
Q

what is the anterior, weight bearing part of each vertebrae called?

A

vertebral body

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11
Q

the 2 flat bars which meet posteriorly at the spinous process of each vertebrae are called?

A

laminae

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12
Q

the circle on vertebrae created by the laminae, pedicles and body

A

Vertebral foramen

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13
Q

the _______ is created by the vertebral foramen, and houses the spinal cord

A

vertebral canal

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14
Q

what is the posterior projection on each vertebrae called

A

spinous process

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15
Q

each vertebrae has one of these projections on each side

A

transverse process

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16
Q

what is the superior projection on a vertebrae called? the inferior projection?

A 
superior = superior articular processes 
inferior = inferior articular processes
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17
Q

_______ is created by the articulation of adjacent vertebrae

A

intervertebral foramen

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18
Q

True or false: Cervical vertebrae have small bodies because they bear less weight

A

true

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19
Q

what is the shape of the foramen of cervical vertebrae?

A

triangular

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20
Q

what is different about the spinous processes of cervical vertebrae

A

they are bifid spinous processes (other than prominens)

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21
Q

________ houses the vertebral arteries that provide to the brain

A

transverse foramina

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22
Q

What is another name for C1?

A

Atlas

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23
Q

What is the primary role of Atlas?

A

to support the head

24
Q

true or false: C1 has no body

A

true (simply a ring of bone)

25
Q

the superior articular facets of Atlas articulate with what?

A

Occipital condyles

26
Q

What is another name for C2

A

Axis

27
Q

What is the most defining feature on Axis?

A

Dens (odontoid process)

28
Q

what is the purpose of the dens on C2?

A

to create a pivot about which Atlas rotates

29
Q

What is another name for C7

A

Prominens

30
Q

Is prominens spinous process bifid?

A

no

31
Q

what is different about the spinous process of bifid?

A

it has a tubercle on the end

32
Q

the spinous processes of which segment of the vertebral column have long, overlapping spinous processes?

A

thoracic segment

33
Q

thoracic vertebrae have what on the sides of their bodies?

A

superior and inferior demifacets

34
Q

what is on the transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae?

A

costal facets

35
Q

what is different about the articular facets in the thoracic vertebrae?

A

oriented in frontal plane

36
Q

what is the thoracic cavity characterized for?

A

articulation with the ribs

37
Q

which of the vertebral segments have large and heavy vertebral bodies?

A

lumbar

38
Q

Lumbar vertebrae have ______ (shape) spinous processes projecting straight back

A

square

39
Q

what is different about the articular processes in the lumbar vertebrae?

A

they curve to hold articulating surfaces in place - “grasping” articular processes

40
Q

The sacrum in _____ shaped

A

triangularly

41
Q

the base of the sacrum has a ____ degree slope upon which the disc of the 5th lumbar vertebrae is situated

A

30 degree

42
Q

the _______ of the sacrum is analogous to spinous processes

A

median sacral crest

43
Q

what are the anterior and posterior sacral foramina analogous to?

A

intervertebral foramina

44
Q

the sacral canal is analogous to what?

A

vertebral canal

45
Q

another name for the coccyx is what?

A

vestigial tail

46
Q

which regions of the vertebral column have the most range of motion?

A

cervical and lumbar

47
Q

why is the ROM of thoracic region limited?

A

due to rib attachment

48
Q

what 3 things do vertebral curves do for us?

A

1) increase weight bearing ability
2) increase flexibility
3) allow for upright posture

49
Q

at birth the vertebral column is ______ (convex/concave) posteriorly with thoracic and sacral curves present

A

convex

50
Q

what are the 2 primary curve

A

thoracic and sacral curves

51
Q

what are the secondary curves. why are they secondary?

A

cervical and lumbar - because they develop after birth

52
Q

when does the cervical curve develop

A

3 months

53
Q

when does the lumbar curve develop?

A

1 year +

54
Q

what are the 3 postural deviation

A

1) lumbar lordosis
2) kyphosis
3) scoliosis

55
Q

lumbar lordosis

A
  • increased curve in lumbar vertebrae

- happens because of disease, muscular imbalance or pregnancy

56
Q

kyphosis

A
  • increased curvature of thoracic vertebrae

- happens because of osteoporosis, weak musculature or rounded shoulders

57
Q

scoliosis

A
  • lateral curvature of vertebral column

- C curve or S curve

Anatomy (22 decks)

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