Vertebral Column Muscles

Question 1

O: SPs of C7-T3, and the lower nuchal ligament
I: The superior borders and external surfaces of ribs 2 through 5
A: Elevate ribs 2 through 5 at the sternocostal and costospinal joints

Answer 1

Serratus Posterior Superior

Question 2

O: SPs of T11-L2
I: Inferior borders and external surfaces of ribs 9 through 12
A: Depresses ribs 9 through 12 at the sternocostal and costospinal joints

Answer 2

Serratus Posterior Inferior

Question 3

Origin: Nuchal ligament from C3-C6 and the spinous processes of C7 - T4
Insertion: Lateral 1/3 of the superior nuchal line of the occiput, mastoid process of the temporal bone and the occipital bone
Action: Extends the head and neck at the spinal joints
Laterally flexes the head and neck at the spinal joints
Ipsilaterally rotates the head and neck at spinal joints

Answer 3

Splenius Capitis

Question 4

O: SPs of T3-T6
I: Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of c1-c3
A: Extends the neck at the spinal joints
Laterally flexes the neck at the spinal joints
Ipsilaterally rotates the neck at the spinal joints

Answer 4

Splenius Cervicis

Question 5

O: Inferior transverse process
I: Lamina (superiorly), one to two segmental levels superior to the inferior attachment
A: Contralaterally rotate the trunk and neck at the spinal joints
Extend the trunk and neck at the spinal joints
Laterally Flex the trunk and neck at the spinal joints

Answer 5

Rotatores

Question 6

O: Posterior sacrum, posterior superior iliac spine, posterior sacroiliac ligament and L5-C4 vertebrae ( Mammillary processes of lumbar, transverse processes of thoracic and articular processes of cervical)
I: Spinous processes of vertebrae 3 to 4 segment levels superior to the inferior attachment
A: Extends the trunk and neck at the spinal joints
Laterally flexes the trunk and neck at the spinal joints
Contralaterally rotates the trunk and neck at the spinal joints

Answer 6

Multifidus

Question 7

O: Transverse processes of T6-T10
I: Spinous processes of C6-T4

Answer 7

Semispinalis Thoracis

Question 8

O: TVPs of C7-T6 and the articular processes of C4-C6
I: Occipital bone between the superior and inferior nuchal lines

Answer 8

Semispinalis Capitis

Question 9

O: TVPs of T1-T5
I: SPs of C2-C5
A: Extends the trunk, neck, and head at the spinal joints
Literally flexes the trunk, neck, and head at the spinal joints
Contralaterally rotates the trunk and neck at the spinal joints

Answer 9

Semispinalis Cervicis

Question 10

Cervical: 6 pairs between T1-C2
Thoracic: 2 pairs between T2-T1 and T12-T11
Lumbar: 4 pairs between L5-L1
Actions: Extends the neck and trunk at the spinal joints

Answer 10

Interspinales

Question 11

O: Medial iliac crest and median and lateral sacral crests
I: Angles of ribs 7 to 12

Answer 11

Iliocostalis Lumborum

Question 12

O: Angles of ribs 7-12
I: Angles of ribs 1-6 and TVP of C7

Answer 12

Iliocostalis Thoracis

Question 13

O: Angle of ribs 3-6
I: TVP c4 - c6
A: Extends and laterally flexes the trunk and neck at the spinal joints
Anteriorly tilts pelvis at lumbosacral joints and extends lower spine relative to upper spine (Reverse Action)

Answer 13

Iliocostalis Cervicis

Question 14

O: Medial iliac crest, posterior sacrum, and the transverse processes and spinous processes of L1-L5
I: Transverse processes of all the thoracic vertebrae and the lower nine ribs ( between the tubercles and the angles)

Answer 14

Longissimus Thoracis

Question 15

O: Transverse processes of the upper five thoracic vertebrae
I: Transverse processes of C2 - C6 (posterior tubercles)

Answer 15

Longissimus Cervicis

Question 16

O: Transverse processes of the upper five thoracic vertebrae and the articular processes of the lower three cervical vertebrae
I: Mastoid process of the temporal bone
A: Extends and laterally flexes the trunk, neck, and the head at the spinal joints
Anteriorly tilts the pelvis at the lumbosacral joint and extends the lower spine relative to the upper spine (reverse action)

Answer 16

Longissimus Capitis

Question 17

Spinalis Thoracis

Answer 17

O: Spinous processes of T11-L2
I: Spinous processes of T4-T8
A: Extends and laterally flexes the trunk and neck at the spinal joints

Question 18

O: Inferior nuchal ligament and the spinous process of C7
I: Spinous process of C2
A: Extends and laterally flexes the trunk and neck at the spinal joints

Answer 18

Spinalis Cervicis

Question 19

Usually considered to be the medial part of the semispinalis capitis

Answer 19

Spinalis Capitis

Question 20

O: Medial half of the inferior border of the 12th rib and transverse processes of L1-L4
I: Posteromedial iliac crest and the iliolumbar ligament
A: Elevates the same side pelvis at the lumbosacral joint and laterally flexes the lower lumbar spine relative to the upper lumbar spine (at the spinal joints)
Anteriorly tilts the pelvis at the lumbosacral joint and extends the lower lumber spine relative to the upper lumbar spine (at the spinal joints)
Laterally flexes the trunk at the spinal joints (reverse action)
Depresses the 12th rib at the costospinal joints (reverse action)
Extends the trunk at the spinal joints (reverse action)

Answer 20

Quadratus Lumborum

Question 21

O: Inferior border of the rib above
I: Superior border of the rib below
A: Depresses ribs 1-11 at the sternal costal and coastal spinal joints
Ipsilaterally rotates the trunk at the spinal joints

Answer 21

Internal Intercostals

Question 22

O: Inferior border of the rib above
I: Superior border of the rib below
A: Elevates ribs 2-12 at sternocostal and costospinal joints
Contralaterally rotates the trunk at the spinal joints

Answer 22

External Intercostals