Vertebral column and Spine Flashcards
of thoracic vertebrae
12
of lumbar vertebrae
5
of sacrum
1
of coccyx
1
exaggeration in sagittal curvature in THORACIC vertebrae
Kyphosis
exaggeration in curvature of LUMBAR vertebrae
Lordosis
Lateral deviation of the spine; most commonly on thoracic
Scoliosis
Typical cervical vertebra
C3-6
Atypical cervical vertebra
C1,2,7
Foramen for vertebral a.
Transverse foramen
Cervical vertebrae w/ no body
Atlas, C1
Cervical vertebrae w/ presence of odontoid process
C2, axis
Vertebrae which typically have triangular foramen, small and broad body
Cervical vertebrae
Vertebrae which typically have small circular foramen, medium and heart-shaped body; w/ costal facets and long spines
Thoracic vertebrae
Vertebrae w/c have triangular foramina, large and kidney-shaped body
Lumbar vertebrae
Vertebral level where spinal cord in adult ends
L1
Vertebral level where spinal cord in newborn ends
L3
Vertebral levels where thoracic aorta begins and ends
T4-T12
Vertebral levels where trachea begins and ends
C6-T4
Vertebral levels where esophagus begins and ends
C6-T10
Vertebral level where the dural sac ends
S2
Vetebral level where the thyroid cartilage and carotid pulse is palpated
C5
Vertebral level of the aortic notch
T2
Vertebral level of the sternal angle/ angle of Louis, bifurcation of trachea
T4
Vertebral level of the end of IVC
T8
Vertebral level of the duodenum
T12-L1
Vertebral level of the upper pole of the left kidney
T12
Vertebral level of the upper pole of the right kidney
L1
Vertebral level of the umbilicus
L3
Vertebral level of the iliac crest
L4
Collection of posterior and anterior roots that occupy the lumbar cistern
Cauda equina
of cervical vertebrae
7
Holds the SC at the sides
Denticulate ligament
Holds SC in position inferiorly
Filum terminale
End of SC at 6 mos. AOG
S1
End of SC at birth
L3
End of SC in adult
L1
Fx of dorsal/posterior column
position sense 2 pt discrimination Fine motor, discriminative Vibratory sense Steriognosis
Fx of anterior spinothalamic tract
Touch
Pressure
Fx of lateral spinothalamic tract
Pain
Temperature
Ascending tracts
Dorsal/posterior column
Spinothalamic tract
Descending tract
Lateral corticospinal tract
S/Sx of spinal shock
Flaccid, areflexic paralysis
Complete loss of sensation
Loss of autonomic fx
Loss of reflex activity
Progressive cavitation around the central canal;
loss of pain and temp on hands and forearm
Syringomyelia
Viral dse attacking ant horn cells leading LMNL
Poliomyelitis
Dse caused by neurosyphilis; dorsal root involvement w/ degeneration of dorsal columns (loss of vibration and position sense)
Tabes dorsalis
Pure motor disease involving the degeneration of ant horn cells and corticospinal tract; no sensory loss
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Vit B12 deficiency; degeneration of post and lat columns (loss of position sense and vibration in legs assoc w/ UMNL)
Subacute combined degeneration
Final common pathways for control of skeletal muscle
Motor cell of anterior gray horn
Lower motor neuron
Brown-Sequard’s Syndrome (SC hemisection) S/Sx
Contralat loss of pain and temp
Ipsilat loss of propioception
Ipsilat manifestations of UMNL and LMNL
S/Sx of lemniscal pathway
Limb proprioception/ (+) romberg sign
Astereognosis
Loss of 2-pt discrimination
Loss of vibration sense
Syndrome causing alternating sensory losses; lat medullary/ PICA syndrome
Wallenberg
Syndrome affecting the pons (CNs 5-8)
Millard Gubler
Syndromes affecting the midbrain
Claude
Weber
Location of the loss of pain and thermal sensation affecting the anterolat system
Contralateral side 1-2 segments below the level of the lesion
Bilaterla cervical SC damage from C4-6 results in ___
Quadriplegia
Unilateral SC damage in thoracic resulting in paralysis of the ipsilat LE
Monoplegia
Bilat SC damage resulting to paralysis of both LE
Paraplegia
Structures traversed in Lumbar tap
Skin Superficial fascia SUPRAspinous ligament INTERspinous ligament Ligamentum flavum Epidural space Dura mater Arachnoid SAS
A herniating intervertebral disc takes the path of least resistance, w/c is ____
posterolateral
Anulus fibrosus is weaker in what part?
POSTERIOR than anterior
Common locations of cervical intervertebral disc herniations
C5-7
Common lumbar intervertebral disc herniations
L4-S1
Nonfusion of embryonic halves of the vertebral arches in L5 or S1; w/ dimple and tuft of hair
Spina bifida occulta
Severe type of spina bifida
Spina bifida cystica
Spina bifida containing meninges w/ CSF
Spina bifida w/ meningocele
Spina bifida w/ SC and/or nerve roots included
Spina bifida w/ meningomyelocele
Most severe type of spina bifida; SC is open
Spina bifida w/ myeloschisis
