Lower Extremities Flashcards
1
Q
Strongest flexor muscle
A
Iliopsoas
2
Q
Only extensors of the leg
A
Quadriceps muscle: Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius Vastus medialis
3
Q
What compt of the thigh does these muscles belong? Iliopsoas Quadriceps femoris Tensor fascia lata Sartorius Pectineus
A
Anterior compartment
4
Q
The ANTERIOR compt of thigh is innervated by what nerve?
A
Femoral nerve
5
Q
What compt of the thigh does these muscles belong? ADDUCTOR longus ADDUCTOR brevis ADDUCTOR magnus Gracilis
A
Medial compartment
6
Q
The MEDIAL compartment of the thigh is supplied by what nerve?
A
Obturator nerve
7
Q
The POSTERIOR compartment of the thigh is supplied by what nerve?
A
Sciatic nerve
8
Q
What compt of the thigh does these muscles belong? SEMItendinosus SEMImembranosus Biceps femoris Adductor magnus
A
Posterior compartment
9
Q
Thigh muscle with dual innervation
A
Adductor magnus
10
Q
Origin of sartorius and TFL
A
ASIS
11
Q
Origin of rectus femoris
A
AIIS
12
Q
Common insertion of iliacus and psoas
A
Lesser trochanter of the femur
13
Q
Common insertion of the quadriceps femoris
A
Patellar tendon
14
Q
Contents of femoral triangle
NAVEL
A
Femoral Nerve, (Sheath), Artery, Vein, Lymphatics
lat to med
15
Q
Contents of femoral sheath
A
Femoral artery (lat) Femoral vein (intermediate) Femoral canal (medial)
16
Q
Funnel-shaped fascial tube formed by inferior prolongation of the ilioposoas and transversalis fascia of the abdomen
A
Femoral sheath
17
Q
Nerve blocked in femoral vein catheterization
A
Genitofemoral n.
18
Q
Femoral vein lies _____ to the femoral a.
A
medial
19
Q
Contents of the adductor canal
A
Femoral artery and vein
Saphenous nerve
Nerve to vastus medialis
20
Q
Extensor of thigh
A
Gluteus maximus
21
Q
Adbuctor and medial rotator of the thigh
A
Gluteus medius
22
Q
Lateral rotator of the thigh
A
Piriformis
23
Q
Action and innervation of the anterior compt of thigh
A
Flexion
Femoral nerve
24
Q
Action and innervation of posterior compt of thigh and gluteus maximus
A
Extension Sciatic n (post compt) Inferior gluteal (g. maximus)
25
Action and innervation of medial compt of thigh
ADduction
| Obturator n.
26
Action and innervation of gluteus medius and minimus
ABduction
27
6 Branches of Lumbar Plexus
```
Iliohypogastric
Ilioinguinal
Genitofemoral
Lat Femoral Cutaneous
Femoral Nerve
Obturator Nerve
```
28
Spinal roots in lumbar plexus
L1-L4
29
Supplies lower part of the ant abdominal wall
IlioHYPOGASTRIC
30
Supplies skin of groin and scrotum/ labia majora
IlioINGUINAL
31
Responsible for cremasteric reflex
Genitofemoral nerve
32
Supplies skin over the lateral surface of the thigh
Lateral femoral cutaneous n.
33
Largest branch of the lumbar plexus; supplies muscles on anterior thigh and skin on the antero-medial aspect
Femoral n.
34
Supplies the medial thigh muscles and skin on the medial aspect of thigh
Obturator n.
35
Area innervated by the sciatic n.
Skin of the foot and leg, post thigh muscles
36
Nerve assoc w/ weakened abduction of the thigh by gluteus MEDIUS; "waddling gait"
Superior gluteal n.
37
Weakness in lateral rotation and flexion of the thigh
Inferior gluteal n.
38
Fascial compartments of the thigh
Anterior, posterior and medial
39
What nerve is affected when there is diff in climbing the stairs or rising from a chair? Presents with weakness in laterally rotating and extending the thigh.
Inferior gluteal n.
40
Safest part of the buttock for IM injections
Superolateral
41
Condition where the sciatic nerve is assoc w/ pain radiating from the back of the thigh to the lower back
Sciatica
42
Abscess of the psoas major can irritate what nerve?
| presents as weakness in flexing the thigh and extending the leg
Femoral n.
43
Nerve affected when harvesting for CABG; presents with pain on the medial aspect of the leg and foot; no motor loss
Saphenous nerve
44
Nerve lesioned in the pelvis; diff in adducting the thigh; (+) paresthesia in the skin of the medial thigh
Obturator n. lesions
45
Decreased angulation of the femur;
caused by fracture of the neck;
ABduction limited
Coxa vara
46
Increased angulation of the femur;
caused by congenital dislocation;
ADduction limited
Coxa valga
47
Where does the femoral shaft fracture commonly occur?
Upper third
48
Dreaded complication of femoral neck fracture
Avascular necrosis
49
MSK PE finding in pt w/ femoral neck fracture
Shortened with lateral rotation
50
Common location of femoral neck fracture among the elderly
Subcapital
51
Common location of the femoral neck fracture in the young
Trochanteric
52
Branch of the deep femoral a. that is the major supply of the femoral head
Medial femoral circumflex artery
53
Dislocation of the head of the femur usually occurs in what direction?
Posterior
54
3 compartments of the leg
Anterior
Lateral
Posterior
55
Action and innervation of the anterior leg muscles?
Dorsiflexion and extension
| Deep peroneal n.
56
Action and innervation of the lateral leg muscles
Evertion and weak plantar flexion
| Superficial peroneal n.
57
Action and innervation of the posterior leg muscles
Plantar flexion and flexion of the leg
| Tibial n.
58
Common insertion of the posterior leg muscles
Achilles tendon
59
Triceps surae muscles
Gastrocnemius and soleus
60
Muscle that unlocks the knee
Popliteus
61
Contents of the popliteal fossa
```
Popliteal vessels
Common peroneal n.
Post cutaneous n.
Tibial n.
Genicular br. of obturator n.
LNs
Small saphenous v.
```
62
```
Tibialis anterior
Peroneus tertius
Ext digitorum brevis
Ext digitorum longus
Ext hallucis longus
```
Anterior leg muscles
63
Peroneus longus
| Peroneus brevis
Lateral leg muscles
64
Superficial grp: gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus
| Deep grp: Popliteus, FDL, FHL, Tibialis posterior
Posterior leg muscles
65
Common insertion of post leg muscles
Achilles tendon
66
Lateral boundaries of the popliteal fossa
```
Biceps femoris (above)
Gastrocnemius (below)
```
67
Medial boundaries of the popliteal fossa
Semimembranosus, semitendinosus (above)
| Gastrocnemius (below)
68
How many muscle layers are there in the foot?
4
69
All sole muscles (except for 4) are innervated by:
lateral plantar nerve
70
```
What nerve innervates:
Abductor hallucis
FDB
FHL
1st lumbrical
```
Medial plantar n.
71
Spinal root mediating patellar tendon reflex
L4
72
Spinal root mediating achilles tendon reflex
S1
73
Landmark for dorsalis pedis a.
b/w malleoli or 1st metatarsal space
BOUNDARIES:
Lat: tendon of EDL
Med: tendon of EHL
74
Landmark for femoral a. pulsation
b/w ASIS and symphysis pubis
75
Landmark for posterior tibial a. pulsation
midway b/w medial malleolus and heel
76
Vein located in front of medial malleolus; drains to femoral v.
Great saphenous v.
77
Vein behind lateral malleolus; drains into popliteal v.
Small saphenous v.
78
The saphenous nerve lies ___ to the great saphenous vein.
anterior
79
Branches of common peroneal n.
Lateral cutaneous n.
| Superficial peroneal n.
80
Branch of femoral n.
Saphenous n.
81
Sciatic nerve divides into 2 nerves namely:
Tibial n.
| Common peroneal n.
82
Nerve affected in foot drop
Common peroneal n. (specifically deep peroneal)
83
LE nerve with no motor innervation
Saphenous n.
84
Saphenous nerve innervates what aspect of the leg?
Anteromedial
85
Muscles for foot eversion
Peroneus muscles
86
Muscles for foot inversion
Tibialis anterior and posterior
87
innervates the POSTEROLATERAL surface of the leg
Sural n.
88
Nerve affected in paresthesia in skin of the webbed space b/w the great toe and second toe
Deep peroneal n.
89
Nerve affected when pt cannot stand on tiptoe, cannot flex leg and plantar flex
Tibial n.
90
Intracapsular ligament preventing forward sliding of the tibia on femur, lax during flexion
Anterior cruciate ligament
91
Intracapsular ligament that prevents backward sliding of the tibia on femur, lax during extension
Posterior cruciate ligament
92
Attachment of ACL (APEX)
ANTERIOR tibia
(Post and EXternally coursing to)
LATERAL condyle of femur
93
Attachment of PCL (PAIN)
POSTERIOR tibia
(Ant and INternally coursing to)
MEDIAL condyle of femur
94
Extracapsular ligament for forced ABduction of tibia on femur
Medial collateral
95
Extracapsular ligament for forced ADduction of tibia on femur
Lateral collateral
96
3 most commonly injured structures in the knee
| Unhappy triad of O' Donoghue
Tibial collateral ligament
MCL
ACL
97
(+) Anterior drawer sign signifies
ACL rupture
98
(+) Posterior drawer sign signifies
PCL rupture
99
Tibia is bent laterally
| Rupture of tibial collat ligament
Genu valgum (Knock knee)
100
Tibia is bent medially
| Rupture of fibular collat ligament
Genu varum (Bowleg)
101
3 bones of the ankle joint
Tibia (medial)
Fibula (lat)
Talus
102
Nerve supply of ankle joint
Deep peroneal n.
| Tibial n.
103
Action of tibialis anterior
Dorsiflexion
104
Action of tibialis posterior
Plantar flexion
105
Ligaments torn on excessive inversion or plantar flexion
Ant taleofibular
| Calcaneofibular ligaments
106
Ligaments torn on excessive eversion
Medial/ deltoid ligament
107
Foot dorsiflexed, everted
Talipes calcaneovalgus
108
Foot plantar flexed, inverted
Talipes equinovarus
109
Lymphatic drainage of the LE
Deep inguinal LN
110
Landmark for dorsalis pedis a.
b/w malleoli or 1st metatarsal space
BOUNDARIES:
Lat: tendon of EDL
Med: tendon of EHL
111
Landmark for femoral a. pulsation
b/w ASIS and symphysis pubis
112
Landmark for posterior tibial a. pulsation
midway b/w medial malleolus and heel
113
Vein located in front of medial malleolus; drains to femoral v.
Great saphenous v.
114
Vein behind lateral malleolus; drains into popliteal v.
Small saphenous v.
115
The saphenous nerve lies ___ to the great saphenous vein.
anterior
116
Branches of common peroneal n.
Lateral cutaneous n.
| Superficial peroneal n.
117
Branch of femoral n.
Saphenous n.
118
Sciatic nerve divides into 2 nerves namely:
Tibial n.
| Common peroneal n.
119
Nerve affected in foot drop
Common peroneal n. (specifically deep peroneal)
120
LE nerve with no motor innervation
Saphenous n.
121
Saphenous nerve innervates what aspect of the leg?
Anteromedial
122
Muscles for foot eversion
Peroneus muscles
123
Muscles for foot inversion
Tibialis anterior and posterior
124
innervates the POSTEROLATERAL surface of the leg
Sural n.
125
Nerve affected in paresthesia in skin of the webbed space b/w the great toe and second toe
Deep peroneal n.
126
Nerve affected when pt cannot stand on tiptoe, cannot flex leg and plantar flex
Tibial n.
127
Intracapsular ligament preventing forward sliding of the tibia on femur, lax during flexion
Anterior cruciate ligament
128
Intracapsular ligament that prevents backward sliding of the tibia on femur, lax during extension
Posterior cruciate ligament
129
Attachment of ACL (APEX)
ANTERIOR tibia
(Post and EXternally coursing to)
LATERAL condyle of femur
130
Attachment of PCL (PAIN)
POSTERIOR tibia
(Ant and INternally coursing to)
MEDIAL condyle of femur
131
Extracapsular ligament for forced ABduction of tibia on femur
Medial collateral
132
Extracapsular ligament for forced ADduction of tibia on femur
Lateral collateral
133
3 most commonly injured structures in the knee
| Unhappy triad of O' Donoghue
Tibial collateral ligament
MCL
ACL
134
(+) Anterior drawer sign signifies
ACL rupture
135
(+) Posterior drawer sign signifies
PCL rupture
136
Tibia is bent laterally
| Rupture of tibial collat ligament
Genu valgum (Knock knee)
137
Tibia is bent medially
| Rupture of fibular collat ligament
Genu varum (Bowleg)
138
3 bones of the ankle joint
Tibia (medial)
Fibula (lat)
Talus
139
Nerve supply of ankle joint
Deep peroneal n.
| Tibial n.
140
Action of tibialis anterior
Dorsiflexion
141
Action of tibialis posterior
Plantar flexion
142
Ligaments torn on excessive inversion or plantar flexion
Ant taleofibular
| Calcaneofibular ligaments
143
Ligaments torn on excessive eversion
Medial/ deltoid ligament
144
Foot dorsiflexed, everted
Talipes calcaneovalgus
145
Foot plantar flexed, inverted
Talipes equinovarus
146
Lymphatic drainage of the LE
Deep inguinal LN
