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Anatomy > Head and Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Head and Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Functional area: Primary somathestic area

A

BA 3,1,2

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2
Q

Functional area: Primary visual area

A

BA 17

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3
Q

Functional area: Primary auditory area

A

BA 41, 42

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4
Q

Broca’s area

A

BA 44, 45

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5
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

BA 22

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6
Q

Motor Aphasia

A

Broca’s aphasia

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7
Q

Lesion above the level of decussation manifests….

A

contrallaterally

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8
Q

What motor neuron is affected where there is spastic paralysis and no fasciculations?

A

Upper motor neuron

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9
Q

Paleo/ spinocerebellum for coordination of limb movts, reg of muscle tone

A

Anterior lobe

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10
Q

Cerebellar lobe affected in abnormal FTNT and APST

A

Posterior lobe

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11
Q

Lobe affected in truncal ataxai

A

Flocullonodular lobe of the cerebellum

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12
Q

Patient with resting tremors and positive signs has a lesion where?

A

Basal ganglia

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13
Q

Disease associated with the degeneration of substantia nigra

A

Parkinson’s Disease

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14
Q

Location for lumbar puncture

A

b/w L4 and L5

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15
Q

Damage to contralat subthalamic nucleus

A

Hemiballismus

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16
Q

If the CSF have low glucose level, the pathogen is most likely…

A

bacterial

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17
Q

Purely sensory cranial nerves

A

1,2,8

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18
Q

Purely motor cranial nerves

A

3,4,6,11,12

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19
Q

Mixed cranial nerves

A

5,7,9,10

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20
Q

Cranial nerves with parasympathetic component

A

3,7,9,10

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21
Q

Cranial nerves located medially

A

3,6,12

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22
Q

What innervates the parotid gland?

A

CN 9 - glossopharyngeal

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23
Q

Cranial nerves located in midbrain

A

3,4

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24
Q

Cranial nerves located in pons

A

5-8

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25
Q

Cranial nerves located in medulla

A

9-12

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26
Q

What cranial nerve passes thru anterior cranial fossa

A

CN I

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27
Q

What cranial nerve passes thru foramen rotundum?

A

Maxillary n.

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28
Q

What cranial nerve passes thru foramen ovale?

A

Mandibular nerve

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29
Q

What cranial nerve passes thru optic canal?

A

2

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30
Q

What cranial nerve passes thru sup orbital fissure?

A

3,4,6,5(1st pt)

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31
Q

What cranial nerve passes thru jugular foramen?

A

9-11

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32
Q

What cranial nerve passes thru hypoglossal canal?

A

12

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33
Q

What cranial nerve passes thru internal acoustic meatus?

A

7-8

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34
Q

What cranial nerve passes thru foramen magnum?

A

11 spinal roots

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35
Q

What muscle is innervated by CN 4?

A

Superior oblique m.

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36
Q

What CN innervates the lateral rectus muscle?

A

6

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37
Q

Smiling muscle

A

Zygomaticus

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38
Q

Grinning muscle

A

Risorius

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39
Q

Blowing muscle

A

Buccinator

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40
Q

Chin muscle

A

Mentalis

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41
Q

Kissing muscle

A

Orbicularis oris

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42
Q

Muscle that opens jaw

A

Lateral pterygoid

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43
Q

Motor innervation of trigeminal nerve

A

Muscles of mastication

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44
Q

Sensory innervation of trigeminal n.

A

Ant 2/3 of mucous membrane of tongue

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45
Q

Muscles of tongue is innervated by

A

CN 12

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46
Q

Functional area: Primary motor area

A

BA 4

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47
Q

Unpaired bones of the skull

A 
Frontal
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Vomer
Mandible
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48
Q

Meeting point of frontal and nasal bones

A

Nasion

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49
Q

Point of meeting of the frontal, parietal, squamous temporal and great wing of sphenoid

A

Pterion

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50
Q

Skull fracture at pterion may lacerate what artery

A

Middle meningeal a.

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51
Q

Fracture in what part of the skull cause CSF to escape from the ear, hearing loss and CN 7 damage?

A

Petrous portion of the temporal bone

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52
Q

Fracture in what cranial fossa causes anosmia, periorbitak bruising and CSF rhinorrhea

A

Anterior cranial fossa

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53
Q

Horizontal fracture to the maxillary alveolar process

A

Le Fort I

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54
Q

Maxillary fracture involving central pt of the face

A

Le Fort II

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55
Q

Maxillary fracture involving zygomatic bone separated from cranium

A

Le Fort III

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56
Q

Layers of the SCALP

A 
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium
57
Q

Premature closure of the sagittal suture; long and narrow skull

A

Scaphocephaly

58
Q

Premature closure of the coronal suture; tower skull

A

Oxy/ acrocephaly

59
Q

Premature closure of the coronal and lambdoid suture on one side of the skull

A

Plagiocephaly

60
Q

Forebrain; divides into telencephalon and diencephalon

A

Prosencephalon

61
Q

Midbrain; no division

A

Mesencephalon

62
Q

Hindbrain; divides into metencephalon and myelencephalon

A

Rhombencephalon

63
Q

Derivative of cerebrum

A

Telencephalon

64
Q

Derivative of thalamus

A

Diencephalon

65
Q

Derivative of midbrain

A

Mesencephalon

66
Q

Derivative of pons and cerebellum

A

Metencephalon

67
Q

Derivative of medulla

A

Myelencephalon

68
Q

Neural tube differentiates into the ____

A

CNS

69
Q

Neural crest differentiates into the ____

A

PNS and ANS

70
Q

The pigment cells of the retina and cells of adrenal medulla is derived from the ___

A

neural crest

71
Q

AOG of closure of the neural tube

A

4th week

72
Q

AOG where the primary brain vesicles differentiate

A

5th week AOG

73
Q

Folic acid 400 mg OD must be given starting…

A

3 mos prior to conception

74
Q

Supratentorial structures

A 
Cerebrum
Basal ganglia
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
CN I and II
75
Q

Infratentorial structures

A

Cerebellum
Brainstem
CN III - XII

76
Q

Spinal level starts below…

A

Foramen magnum

77
Q

3 components of the meninges

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

78
Q

Layer of the dura mater that covers the inner surface of the skull

A

Endosteal layer

79
Q

Layer covering the brain

A

Meningeal layer

80
Q

Fold of dura mater that is b/w cerebral hemispheres

A

Falx cerebri

81
Q

Crescent-shaped fold of dura mater that roofs over the post cranial fossa

A

Tentorium cerebelli

82
Q

Small fold of dura that divides the cerebellar hemispheres

A

Falx cerebelli

83
Q

Dural fold that forms the roof of the sella turcica

A

Diaphragma sella

84
Q

Nerve supply of the dura mater

A

Trigeminal (supratentorial)

C1-3 spinal roots (infratentorial)

85
Q

Headache due to supratentorial irritation is referred where?

A

forehead and face

86
Q

Headache due to infratentorial irritation is referred where?

A

back of the head and neck

87
Q

Impermeable membrane covering the brain; b/w pia mater and dura mater

A

Arachnoid mater

88
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

Primary motor cortex

89
Q

Postcentral gyrus

A

Primary motor cortex

90
Q

Heschl’s gyrus

A

Primary auditory cortex

91
Q

Inferior frontal gyrus

A

Broca’s area

92
Q

Location of decussation of the corticospinal tract

A

Lower medulla

93
Q

Cerebellar syndrome that causes ataxia, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia, intention tremor

A

Posterior lobe syndrome

94
Q

Cerebellar syndrome that causes loss of coordination, (+) heel-to-shin test

A

Anterior lobe syndrome

95
Q

Cerebellar syndrome that causes truncal ataxia

A

Flocculonodular lobe syndrome

96
Q

CSF flows from the lat ventricle to the 3rd ventricle thru the ___

A

Foramen of Monroe

97
Q

CSF flows from the 3rd ventricle to the 4th ventricle thru the ___

A

Aqueduct of Sylvius/ Iter

98
Q

CSF flows from the 4th ventricle to the SAS thru the ___

A

Foramen of Magendie and Luschka

99
Q

Normal CSF volume

A

130 mL

100
Q

Normal CSF protein /100 mL

A

15-45 mg

101
Q

Normal CSF glucose/ 100 mL

A

50-85 mg

102
Q

Normal CSF chloride/ 100 mL

A

720-750 mg

103
Q

number of cells in the CSF

A

0-3 lymphocytes/ cu mm

104
Q

LP is done at what level

A

b/w L4 and L5

105
Q

Lesion in what CN will cause ptosis, dilated fixed pupil, and eye turned down and out

A

CN 3

106
Q

Lesion in what CN will cause extorsion of the eye and weakness of downward gaze

A

CN 4

107
Q

Lesion in what CN will cause medial deviation, abductor paralysis of the eye muscle

A

CN 6

108
Q

Nerve affected in Bell’s palsy

A

CN 7

109
Q

Most common location of berry aneurysm

A

Posterior communicating artery

110
Q

Venous drainage to the face

A

Facial vein

Retromandibular vein

111
Q

Structures affected in cavernous sinus thrombosis

A

CNs III, IV, V1, V2, VI

ICA

112
Q

Venous blood sinuses

A

Sup and Inf Sagittal
Right and left transverse
Straight sinus
Sigmoid

113
Q

What bone is the root of the tongue attached to?

A

Hyoid bone

114
Q

What divides the tongue into the anterior and posterior part?

A

Sulcus terminalis

115
Q

Remnant of thyroglossal duct

A

Foramen cecum

116
Q

What innervates the muscles that alters tongue’s shape (intrinsic)?

A

CN 12

117
Q

What innervates the muscles that alter the position of the tongue (extrinsic)?

A

CN 12 except palatoglossus w/c is innervated by CN 10

118
Q

What innervates the mucous membrane of the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

A

CN 5

119
Q

What innervates the mucous membrane of the posterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

A

CN 9

120
Q

What innervates the taste buds of the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

A

CN 7

121
Q

What innervates the taste buds of the posterior 1/3rds of the tongue?

A

CN 9

122
Q

Muscle that elevates the tongue

A

Palatoglossus

123
Q

Muscle that retracts the tongue

A

Styloglossus

124
Q

Muscle that depresses the tongue

A

Hyoglossus

125
Q

Muscle that protrudes the tongue

A

Genioglossus

126
Q

EOMs supplied by CN 3

A

Medial rectus
Superior rectus
Inferior rectus
Inferior oblique

127
Q

Superior colliculus: CN 3; inferior colliculus: ____

A

CN 4

128
Q

Hypophysial/ Rathke’s pouch develops into the __

A

Anterior pituitary gland

129
Q

Neurohypophysial bud develops into the ___

A

Posterior pituitary gland

130
Q

External 1/3 of the EAM is ______ while the inner 2/3 is _____

A

cartilagenous

bony

131
Q

Cone of light is appreciated in what part of the TM?

A

Anteroinferior quadrant

132
Q

Tympanic cavity contains:

A

Chorda tympani if CN 7

Tympani br of CN 9

133
Q

Internal/ medial surface of the tympanic membrane is innervated by:

A

CN 9

134
Q

External/ lateral concave surface of the tympanic membrane is innervated by:

A

CN 5, 7, 9, 10

135
Q

Muscles of the inner ear

A

Stapedius muscle

Tensor tympani muscle

136
Q

Otosclerosis or the abnormal bone formation around the staoes and oval window causes ___

A

conduction deafness

137
Q

What membrane separates scala media and scala tympani?

A

Basilar membrane

138
Q

What membrane separates scala media and scala vestibuli?

A

Vestibular/ Meissner’s membrane

Anatomy (20 decks)

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