Upper Extremities Flashcards by Frances Catipay

Abductor of the shoulder joint

Deltoid (main) -axillary n.

Supraspinatous (initiates) -suprascalular n.

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Lateral rotators of the shoulder joint

Infraspinatus -suprascapular n.

Teres minor -axillary n.

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Weakest part of the rotator cuff

Inferior

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Injury to the axillary nerve causes…

Problems on lateral rotation and abduction

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What muscle when inflammed causes pain on abduction?

Supraspinatus muscle

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Action of teres major

Medial rotator

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All anterior compartment muscles of the arm are ___

flexors

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C5, C6 Lesion, affects PROXIMAL muscles and sensation of LATERAL arm, “waiter’s tip” hand

Erb-Duchenne’s Syndrome

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C8, T1 lesion, affects DISTAL muscles and sensation of the MEDIAL hand, “claw hand”

Klumpke’s paralysis

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What nerve and muscle is affected in “winged scapula”

Long thoracic n.

Serratus anterior m.

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What nerve is affected in a condition where pt has diff elevating the trunk or using a crutch? Latissimus dorsi affected.

Thoracodorsal nerve lesion

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What nerve is affected when there is difficulty abducting and rotating the arm laterally

Axillary nerve

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Inflammation involving repetitive flexion and supination of the forearm

Medial epicondylitis

Golfer’s elbow

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Inflammation resulting from repetitive flexion and extension of the forearm

Lateral epicondylitis

Tennis elbow

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Rotator cuff muscles (SITS)

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

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The APEX of the axilla is bound by what bones?

Ant: Clavicle
Post: Scapula
Medially: 1st rib

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Contents of the axilla

Axillary artery and vein

Brachial plexus

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Where will you palpate the pulse to guide in brachial n. plexus block?

3rd part of axillary artery

inject in the proximal pt of the sheath

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Most common tendon inflamed in the rotator cuff?

Pain felt on ant and sup to the shoulder joint during abduction.

Supraspinatus tendon

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Contents of the quadrangular space

axillary n.

posterior circumflex vessels

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Contents of the triangular space

Circumflex scapular vessels

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Anterior compartment muscles

Coracobrachialis
Brachialis
Biceps brachii

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The anterior compartment is innervated by…

musculocutneous nerve

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The posterior compartment muscle

Triceps brachii

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Innervation of posterior compartment of the arm

Radial n.

Causes weakness in flexion of the forearm and weakness in supination; nerve compressed by the coracobrachialis

Musculocutaneous n. lesion

Caused by spiral fracture of the midshaft of the humerus; presents as "wrist drop" (weakness to extend hand, loss of ext at MP jts)

Radial n. lesion

PROXIMAL lesion on the MEDIAN N. due to SUPRACONDYLAR fracture of the humerus causes what sign?

Hand of benediction (weakness in flexion at wrist, lat fingers and thumb; alt sn on lat 3.5 digits and thenar eminence)

DISTAL lesion of the MEDIAN N. d/t lunate dislocation; weakness in opposition of thumb (adducted and extended); "pins and needles"

Carpal tunnel syndrome

9 tendons that pass through carpal tunnel

4 of the FDP 4 of the FDS Tendon of the FPL

What nerve is affected in the MEDIAL EPICONDYLE fracture of the humerus?

Ulnar n.

Distal lesion of the ULNAR N. d/t fracture of hook of HAMATE causes what sign? (Pt cannot hold paper in b/w fingers)

Claw hand | weakness of medial 2 lumbricals

Muscle that adducts arm and rotates it medially

Pectoralis major

Muscle that depresses pt of shoulder

Pectoralis minor

Muscle that depresses clavicle

Subclavius

Muscle that draws the scapula forward

Serratus anterior

What structure divides the axillary a. in 3 pts?

Tendon of pectoralis minor

3 pts of the axillary a.

Superior thoracic Thoraciacrimial Subcapsular a.

Radial artery begins in the cubital fossa at the level of the ___

neck of radius

Site for taking the radial pulse: tendon of brachioradialis on its ___ side and the tendon if FCR on its ____ side.

lateral | medial

Thenar muscles | AFO PoBre

Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis

Nerve supply of thenar muscles

Median n.

Hypothenar muscles | AFO digiti minimi

Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi Opponens digiti minimi

Action of flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)

Flexes DIP | supplied by median and ulnar n

Action of flexor digitorum superficialis

flexes the PIP jts | supplied by the median n

Action of palmar interossei | PAD DAB

ADduct fingers

Action of dorsal interossei | PAD DAB

ABduct fingers

What brachial plexus cord does the MUSCULOCUTANEOUS N. belong?

Lateral cord

What brachial plexus cord does the ULNAR N. belong?

Medial cord

What brachial plexus cord does the AXILLARY and RADIAL N. belong?

Posterior cord

What does the median n. innervate?

Anterior/ flexor compt of forearm except: flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)

Fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus injures what nerve?

Axillary n

Distal radial fracture with fragment dorsally placed

Colle's fracture

Distal radial fracture with fragment ventrally placed

Smith's fracture

Metacarpals proximal row (lat-med)

Scaphoid Lunate Triquetral Pisiform

Metacarpals distal row (lat-med)

Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate

Boundaries of anatomical snuffbox

Lat: tendons of AbPoLo and ExPoBre Med: tendon of ExPoLo Floor: Scaphoid

Pain and tenderness on the anatomical snuff box

Scaphoid fracture

Most commonly dislocated carpal bone

Lunate

Localized thickening and contracture of the palmar aponeurosis; causes flexion of PIP

Dupuytren's contracture

Fracture of the 1st metacarpal bone; thumb forcefully abducted

Bennett's fracture

Oblique fracture of the necks of the 4th and 5th metacarpals; distal segment proximal (shorten finger)

Boxer's fracture

Dermatome on back of the head

Dermatome on the tip of the shoulder

Dermatome of the thumb

Dermatome of the middle finger

Dermatome of the small finger

Dermatome of the nipple

Dermatome of the umbilicus

T10

Dermatome of the inguinal region

Dermatome of the knee and medial leg

Dermatome of the lateral leg and big toe

Dermatome of the small toe

Dermatome of the perineum

All left LN drain into the ___

Thoracic duct

All right LN drain into the ____

Right lymphatic duct

Spinal root mediating biceps brachii reflex

Spinal root mediating brachioradialis reflex

Spinal root mediating triceps brachii reflex