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Anatomy > Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

Vertebral Column Articulations

A
  1. Atlanto-occipital articulation
  2. Atlanto-axial articulation
  3. Vertebral Bodies
  4. Zygapophysial (facet) joints
  5. Costovertebral Articulation
  6. Costotransverse Articulation
  7. Lumbosacral articulation
  8. Sacroiliac Articulation
  9. Sacrococcygeal articulation
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2
Q

Vertebral Column Bones

A

33 bones

  • 7 cervical
  • 12 thoracic
  • 5 Lumbar
  • 5 Sacral (Fused)
  • 3-4 Coccygeal (Fused)
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3
Q

Vertebra vs. Vertebrae

A

Vertebra - Singular

Vertebrae - Plural

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4
Q

Primary Spinal curvatures

A
  • Thoracic

- Sacral/coccygeal

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5
Q

Secondary spinal Curvatures

A
  • Cervical

- Lumbar

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6
Q

Features of A Typical Vertebra

A
  • Vertebral Body
  • 2 pedicles
  • 2 lamina
  • 2 Transverse Process
  • Spinous Process
  • Superior Articulating facets
  • Inferior Articulating facets
  • Vertebral Canal
  • Superior Vertebral Notches
  • Inferior Vertebral Notches
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7
Q

Typical Cervical Vertebrae

A
  • 7 Cervical vertebrae
  • Transverse foramina
  • Anterior and Posterior Tubercles
  • Bifid Spinous process
  • Vertebral Foramen is large/triangular
  • Superior Facets face Superior/Posterior
  • Inferior Facets face Inferior/Anterior
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8
Q

Foramen vs. Foramina

A

Foramen (Singular)

Foramina (Plural)

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9
Q

Typical Lumbar Vertebrae

A
  • 5 Lumbar Vertebrae
  • Massive Bodies
  • Vertebral Foramen is triangular
  • Blunt processes
  • Mammillary Process
  • Superior facets face posterior/Medial
  • Inferior Facets face anterior/lateral
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10
Q

Typical Thoracic Vertebrae

A
  • 12 thoracic Vertebrae
  • Costal facets on body and transverse processes
  • Vertebral Foramen is smaller and circular
  • Superior facets face mainly posterior and slightly lateral
  • Inferior facets face mainly anterior/ slightly medial
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11
Q

Typical Sacrum and Coccyx

A
  • 5 Sacral vertebrae
  • 3-4 Coccygeal Vertebrae
  • Decrease in size
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12
Q

Atypical Vertebrae

A
  • C1 (Atlas): No body (superior articulating facets with occipital bone
  • C2 (Axis): Dens (Axis for turning the head side to side)
  • C7: Vertebra Prominens (long spinous process - easy to palpate)
  • T1: Complete superior costal facet and inferior demifacet
  • T10-T12: Largest, wedge shaped body (taller Anteriorly)
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13
Q

Atlanto-Occipital Articulation

A

Bones: Atlas and Occipital Bone

Classification: Synovial; Condyloid

Movements: Flexion/Extension (Nodding “yes”); Slight lateral flexion, tilting of the head

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14
Q

Atlanto-Occipital Joint ligaments

A

Anterior Atlanto-Occipital Membrane: Runs from anterior arch of C1 to anterior margin of foramen magnum

Posterior Atlanto-Occipital Membrane: Runs from posterior arch of C1 to posterior margin of Foramen magnum

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15
Q

Atlanto-Axial Articulation

A

Bones: Atlas (C1) and Axis (C2)

Classification: Synovial; Median Joint (dens with Atlas) - Pivot; Lateral joints (inferior Facets of C1 with superior facets of C2) - Gliding

Movements: Rotation; Shaking head “no”

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16
Q

Atlanto-Axial Joint ligaments

A
  • Alar Ligament: Runs from both sides of the dens to lateral margins of foramen magnum. Checks rotation.
  • Tectorial Membrane: Continuation of posterior longitudinal ligament. Runs from body of C2 to internal surface of foramen magnum
  • Cruciate Ligament: Transverse Ligament of Atlas: Between medial aspects of C1 lateral mass (holds Dens in place); Superior/inferior longitudinal bands: both extend from transverse ligament, superior band to occipital bone and inferior band to body of C2
17
Q

Vertebral Bodies (“joint”)

A

Bones/Structures involved: Vertebral bodies, intervertebral (IV) discs, layer of hyaline cartilage superior and inferior to IV Disc (No IV between C1 and C2)

Classification: Symphysis

18
Q

Intervertebral Discs

A

Annulus Fibrosus: Lamellae of fibrocartilage arranged for strength, thinner posteriorly

Nucleus Puplosus: Mainly water and gelatinous in nature; Avascular receiving nutrition via diffusion from blood vessels at periphery of annulus fibrosus; Absorbs compression forces between vertebrae

19
Q

Zygapophysial joints (Facet Joints)

A

Bones: Inferior articular processes of vertebra; Superior articular processes of adjacent vertebra

Classification: Synovial; Gliding

Movements: Based on orientation of facets

20
Q

Costovertebral Articulations

A

Bones: Head of ribs; costal facet or demifacet on vertebral bodies and IV Disc between them

Classification: Synovial; gliding

21
Q

Costotransverse Articulations

A

Bones: Tubercle of ribs; Transverse costal facets of same level vertebra (Ribs 11 and 12 don’t articulate with transverse processes)

Classification: Synovial; Gliding

22
Q

Lumbosacral Articulation

A

Bones: L5, Sacrum

Classification: Symphysis - IV Disc

Ligaments: Iliolumbar ligament and lumbosacral ligament

23
Q

Lumbosacral Articulation Ligaments

A

Iliolumbar ligament: from transverse process of L5 into two bands; Crest of ilium and anterior sacroiliac ligament

Lumbosacral ligament: from transverse process of L5 to sacrum and lower band of iliolumbar ligament

24
Q

Sacroiliac Articulation

A

Bones: Sacrum and Ilium

Classification: Synovial; Gliding

25
Q

Sacroiliac Articulation Ligaments

A

Anterior sacroiliac ligament: runs from sacrum to ilium in anterior/inferior direction

Interosseous sacroiliac ligament: Posterior, connecting tuberosities of sacrum and ilium; Strongest of three ligaments

Posterior sacroiliac ligament: Sacrum to Ilium tuberosity and posterior superior spine of ilium

26
Q

Sacrococcygeal articulation

A

Bones: Sacrom (apex) Coccyx (Base)

Classification: Symphysis

Ligaments: Anterior, posterior, and lateral sacrococcygeal ligaments. Intercornual sacrococcygeal ligament.

27
Q

Ligaments of the Vertebral Column

A
  1. Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
  2. Posterior longitudinal Ligament
  3. Ligamenta Flava (Flavum)
  4. Supraspinous Ligament
  5. Ligamentum Nuchae
  6. Interspnous Ligaments
  7. Intertransverse Ligaments
28
Q

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

A

Extends from sacrum to occipital bone (anterior to foramen magnum)

Attached to anterior and lateral surfaces of vertebral bodies and IV Discs.

Three layers.

Helps to prevent hyperextension of vertebral column.

Only Ligament that checks extension.

29
Q

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

A

Extends from sacrum to C2

Runs through vertebral canal attached to posterior surface of vertebral bodies and IV discs.

Multiple layers.

Helps reinforce posterior border of IV Discs.

30
Q

Ligamenta Flava

A

Travels between lamina of vertebrae - posterior surface of one lamina to anterior surface of lamina above.

Keeps flexion in check by resisting separation of the laminae in flexion.

31
Q

Supraspinous ligament

A

Runs along outer surface of spinous processes C7 to sacrum.

Strong, Fibrous.

Assists in limiting flexion.

32
Q

Ligamentum Nuchae

A

Extends from external occipital protuberance to C7 Spinous process.

Also has attachment for posterior border of foramen magnum.

Fans out due to shortness of cervical spinous processes.

Helps to support the heads and check flexion; Serves as attachment for some muscles.

33
Q

Interspinous ligaments

A

Run between adjacent vertebra along the whole length of the spinous process.

Blend with Ligamenta flava (anterior) and Supraspinous Ligament (posterior)

34
Q

Intertransverse LIgaments

A

Connect adjacent transverse processes

35
Q

Spinal Cord

A

Continuation of the medulla oblongata.

Extends from foramen magnum to level L2.

Conus medullaris-terminal end of the spinal cord.

Cauda equina - “horses Tail” : remaining nerve roots after the conus medullaris

Filum Terminale: Long strand of connective tissue (pia mater) anchoring spinal dural sac to dorsum of coccyx; Remnant of caudal part of spinal cord in embryological development.

Anatomy (18 decks)

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