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Anatomy > Knee and Leg Muscles > Flashcards

Knee and Leg Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Posterior Leg Muscles - name the two compartments

A
  • Superficial:
    1. Gastrocnemius
    2. Soleus
    3. Plantaris
  • Deep Muscles:
    1. Popliteus
    2. Tibialis Posterior
    3. Flexor Hallucis Longus
    4. Flexor Digitorum
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2
Q

Gastrocnemius Muscle Origin

A

2 heads: Medial head is larger and more extensive

Medial head: Posterior surface of distal femur just superior to medial condyle

Lateral Head: Upper posterolateral surface of lateral femoral condyle

Two heads merge at inferior margin of popliteal fossa

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3
Q

Gastrocnemius Muscle Insertion

A

Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

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4
Q

Gastrocnemius Muscle Innervation

A

Tibial Nerve (S1, S2)

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5
Q

Gastrocnemius Muscle Action

A
  • Foot plantar flexion

- Knee flexion

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6
Q

Soleus Muscle Origin

A
  • Upper 1/4 posterior surface of fibula and posterior aspect of head of fibula
  • Soleal line of tibia and middle 1/3 medial border of tibia
  • Tendinous arch formed between tibial and fibular attachments
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7
Q

Soleus Muscle Insertion

A

Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

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8
Q

Soleus Muscle Innervation

A

Tibial Nerve (S1/S2)

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9
Q

Soleus Muscle Action

A

Floot Plantar Flexion

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10
Q

Plantaris Muscle Origin

A

Inferior aspect lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament

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11
Q

Plantaris Muscle Insertion

A

Medial border of calcaneal tendon at insertion to calcaneus

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12
Q

Plantaris Muscle Innervation

A

Tibial Nerve (S1/S2)

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13
Q

Plantaris Muscle Action

A
  • Foot Plantar flexion

- Knee Flexion

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14
Q

Popliteus Muscle Origin

A

Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur by cord like tendon that penetrates the fibrous membrane of the knee joint

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15
Q

Popliteus Muscle Insertion

A

Posterior surface of tibia, proximal to soleal line

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16
Q

Popliteus Muscle Innervation

A

Tibial Nerve (L4-S1)

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17
Q

Popliteus Muscle Action

A
  • Knee Flexion

- Unlocks the knee joint as it begins to flex. (Lateral rotation of femur when foot is fixed)

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18
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle Origin

A

Inferior 2/3rds posterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

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19
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle Insertion

A

Plantar surface of distal phalanx of great toe; tendon travels through groove on posterior talus and runs underneath sustentaculum tali.

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20
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle Innervation

A

Tibial Nerve (S2/S3)

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21
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle Action

A
  • Great toe flexion
  • Assists with foot plantar flexion
  • Foot inversion.
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22
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus Muscle Origin

A

Medial - Posterior surface tibia, distal to soleal line (about middle 1/3rd)

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23
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus Muscle Insertion

A

Base of distal phalanges, toes 2-5, plantar surface

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24
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus Muscle Innervation

A

Tibial Nerve (S2/S3)

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25
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus Muscle Action

A
  • Toes 2-5 flexion
  • Assists with foot plantar flexion
  • Foot inversion.
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26
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A
  1. Tibialis Anterior
  2. Extensor Hallusic Longus
  3. Extensor Digitorum
  4. Fibularis (Peroneus) tertius
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27
Q

Tibialis Anterior Muscle Origin

A

Lateral condyle, proximal 2/3s lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane

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28
Q

Tibialis Anterior Muscle Insertion

A

Medial and inferior surface of medial cuneiform and plantar base of 1st metatarsal bone

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29
Q

Tibialis Anterior Muscle Innervation

A

Deep Peroneal Nerve (L4/L5)

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30
Q

Tibialis Anterior Muscle Action

A
  • Foot Dorsiflexion
  • Foot Inversion
  • Helps support medial arch of foot during walking
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31
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus Muscle Origin

A

Middle 1/2 medial surface of fibula and interosseous membrance

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32
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus Muscle Insertion

A

Dorsal Base, distal phalanx of great toe

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33
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus Muscle Innervation

A

Deep Peroneal Nerve (L5/S1)

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34
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus Muscle Action

A
  • Great toe extension

- Foot dorsiflexion

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35
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle Origin

A

Lateral condyle Tibia, proximal medial surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

36
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle Insertion

A

Dorsal base of middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5 via Dorsal Digital Expansion

37
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle Innervation

A

Deep Peroneal nerve (L5/S1)

38
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle Action

A
  • Extension of toes 2-5

- Foot Dorsiflexion

39
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) Tertius Muscle Origin

A

Distal 1/3 medial surface fibula

40
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) Tertius Muscle Insertion

A

Dorsomedial base of 5th metatarsal

41
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) Tertius Muscle Innervation

A

Deep Peroneal Nerve (L5/S1)

42
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) Tertius Muscle Action

A
  • Food Dorsiflexion

- Foot Eversion

43
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) Longus Muscle Origin

A

Head and proximal Lateral surface of fibula

44
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) Longus Muscle Insertion

A

Lateral - Plantar aspect of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal bone

45
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) Longus Muscle Innervation

A

Superficial Peroneal Nerve (L5-S2)

46
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) Longus Muscle Action

A
  • Foot Plantar Flexion
  • Foot Eversion
  • Helps support lateral and transverse arches of foot
47
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) Brevis Muscle Origin

A

Distal 2/3 lateral surface of fibula

48
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) Longus Muscle Insertion

A

Lateral tubercle at base of 5th metatarsal bone

49
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) Longus Muscle Innervation

A

Superficial Peroneal Nerve (L5-S2)

50
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) Longus Muscle Action

A
  • Foot Eversion
51
Q

What are the bones involved in the knee joint?

A

Femur - Medial and lateral condyles
Tibia - Medial and lateral condyles
Patella

52
Q

Knee Joint capsule (Capsule, Classifications, Arthrokinematics)

A

Capsule: Extensive and reinforced anteriorly by patella and patellar ligament

Classification: Primarily a hinge joint; double condyloid joint; Gliding between patella and femur

53
Q

What are the knee joint motions?

A

Primary is flexion and extension

  • Some medial and lateral rotation
  • Femoral condyles glide/rock on tibia durning flexion/extension in weight bearing
  • Last ~ 20 degrees of extension, lateral femoral condyle rocks while medial condyle glides.
  • Femur rotates medially on tibia and locks
  • In weight bearing, femur must rotate laterally to unlock knee for flexion
  • Aided by popliteus muscle
54
Q

Medial and lateral menisci

A
  • Semilunar fibrocartilage discs
  • Attached to tibial condyles to form sockets for femur
  • Medial meniscus is larger - “C” Shaped
  • Lateral meniscus is smaller - “O” Shaped
55
Q

What are the ligaments of the knee?

A
  1. Fibular Collateral (Lateral Collateral Ligament)
  2. Tibial Collateral (Medial Collateral Ligament)
  3. Oblique Popliteal
  4. Arcuate Popliteal
  5. Ligamentum Patellae
  6. Transverse Ligament
  7. Coronary Ligaments
  8. Cruciate Ligaments (Anterior and Posterior)
56
Q

Lateral Collateral (Fibular Collateral) Ligament

A
  • Attaches from lateral femoral epicondyle to head of fibula
  • STRONG cord
  • Separate from capsule and meniscus
57
Q

Medial Collateral (Tibial Collateral)

A
  • Broad and flat ligament
  • Attaches from Medial epicondyle of femur to below the medial condyle of tibia
  • Attached to medial meniscus
  • Like a piece of duct tape on the medial knee joint.
  • A tear of the medial collateral ligament also tears injures the medial meniscus
58
Q

Oblique Popliteal ligament

A
  • Extension of the semimebranosus tendon
  • Posterior location - adds strength
  • POSITION: Posterior medial tibial condyle to lateral femoral condyle
  • Blends with capsule
59
Q

Arcuate popliteal ligament

A

From posterior fibular head, over popliteus tendon to posterior knee joint

60
Q

Ligamentum patellae

A

From patella to tibial tuberosity

61
Q

Transverse ligaments

A

Runs anteriorly connecting medial and lateral menisci

62
Q

Coronary Ligaments

A

Attaches menisci to tibial plateaus

63
Q

Cruciate Ligaments (General linformation)

A
  • Within the fibrous capsule, but not within synovial membrane
  • Name based on their tibial attachments
  • Anterior and posterior
64
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament

A
  • From posterior intercondylar area of tibia to posterior medial side of lateral femoral condyle
  • Travels superior, posterior, and laterally
  • Prevents FORWARD displacement of tibia on femur in FLEXION
  • Prevents POSTERIOR displacement of femur on tibia ini EXTENSION
  • Tension while flexing knee limits rolling over femur on tibia and coverts movement to a spin.
65
Q

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

A
  • From posterior intercondylar area of tibia to anterior lateral side of medial condyle of femur.
  • Travels superior, anterior, medially.
  • Prevents BACKWARD displacement of tibia on femur in FLEXION.
  • Stronger than ACL
  • Main stabilizer for femur when weight bearing on flexed knee.
66
Q

Bursa - what do they do?

A

There are many bursa in the knee:

  • Suprapatellar bursa - continuous with the synovial cavity
  • Prepatellar Bursa
  • Superficial and Deep infrapatellar bursa
  • The prepatellar bursa are not continuous with the synovial cavity
67
Q

Tibialis Posterior Muscle Origin

A

Posterior surface of tibia, Upper 1/2 and interosseous membrane and upper posterior surface of fibula

68
Q

Tibialis Posterior Muscle Insertion

A

Tuberosity of Navicular bone with slip to medial cuneiform (may have slips to cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of metatarsals 2-4)

69
Q

Tibialis Posterior Muscle Innervation

A

Tibial Nerve (L4-L5)

70
Q

Tibialis Posterior Muscle Action

A

Foot Plantar flexion
Foot Inversion
Supports medial arch during walking

71
Q

What are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A
  1. Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus Muscle

2. Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis Muscle

72
Q

What is the common nerve for the deep muscles of the posterior compartment?

A

Tibial nerve

73
Q

What is the common action for the lateral compartment of leg muscles?

A

Foot Eversion

74
Q

What is the common nerve for the lateral compartment of leg muscles?

A

Superficial Fibular (Peroneal) Nerve

75
Q

What is the common blood supply for the lateral compartment?

A

Fibular artery (Inferior in this compartment)

76
Q

What is the common nerve for the anterior compartment?

A

Deep fibular (Peroneal) nerve

77
Q

What is the common blood supply for the anterior compartment?

A

Anterior tibial artery

78
Q

What is the common action for the anterior compartment?

A

Dorsiflexion of the ankle

79
Q

What is the common blood supply for the deep muscles of the posterior compartment

A

Posterior tibial artery

80
Q

What is the common action for the deep muscles of the posterior compartment

A

Ankle plantar flexion

81
Q

Popliteal Fossa Boundaries:

A

Superior/Medial: Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus muscles

Superior/Lateral: Biceps Femoris Muscle

Inferior/Medial: Medial head of the Gastrocnemius

Inferior/Lateral: Lateral head of the Gastrocnemius and Plantaris muscle

82
Q

Popliteal Fossa - Floor

A

Superior 1/3: Popliteal Surface of femur
Middle 1/3: Posterior surface of knee joint capsule
Inferior 1/3: Popliteus muscle

83
Q

Popliteal fossa - contents

A
  • Popliteal artery with genicular branches
  • Anterior/posterior tibial arteries
  • Popliteal vien
  • Tibial Nerve
  • Common peroneal nerve
  • Popliteal lymph nodes
84
Q

Blood supply to knee and leg

A

Femoral artery (goes through adductor hiatus and changes name to Popliteal artery)

Popliteal artery travels between politeus and gastrocnemius muscles; Deep to tendinous arch of soleus and divides into anterior/posterior tibial arteries

85
Q

What are the branches of Popliteal Artery?

A
  1. Superior lateral genicular artery
  2. Superior medial genicular artery
  3. Middle genicular artery
  4. Inferior lateral genicular artery
  5. Inferior medial genicular artery

Anatomy (18 decks)

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