Posterior Thigh Muscles Flashcards
What are the 3 hamstring muscles?
- Biceps femoris
- Semitendinosus
- Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus Muscle Origin
Ischial tuberosity by common tendon wich Biceps Femoris muscle; low medial aspect of ischial tuberosity
Semitendinosus Muscle Insertion
Proximal, medial surface of tibia into Pes Anserinus
Semitendinosus Muscle innervation
Tibial division of Sciatic Nerve (L5-S2)
Semitendinosus Muscle Action
Flexes and slightly medially rotates leg at knee joint; Hip extension, medial rotation
Semimembranosus Muscle Origin
Ischial tuberosity; upper lateral aspect
Semimembranosus Muscle Insertion
Medial condyle of tibia; posteromedial aspect (forms most of Oblique popliteal ligament)
Semimebranosus Muscle Innervation
Tibial division of Sciatic Nerve (L5-S2)
Semimembranosus Muscle Action
Flexes and slightly medially rotates leg at knee joint; Hip extension, medial rotation
Biceps Femoris Muscle Origin
Long Head: Ischial tuberosity, low medial aspect by a common tendon with semitendinosus
Short Head: lateral lip of linea apsera (lower portion)
Biceps Femoris Muscle Insertion
Lateral surface, head of Fibula
Biceps Femoris Muscle Innervation
Long Head: Tibial division of Sciatic Nerve (L5-S2)
Short Head: Common Fibular division of Sciatic Nerve (L5-S2)
Biceps Femoris Muscle Action
Flexes and slightly laterally rotates leg at knee joint; Hip extension, lateral rotation
Obturator Internus Muscle Action
Hip external rotation when hip is extending; Hip abduction when him was flexed; steadies the head of the femur in the acetabulum
Superior Gemellus Muscle Origin
Ischial spine, outer surface
Superior Gemellus Muscle Insertion
Superior border of obturator internus and into medial side of greater trochanter of femur
Superior Gemellus Muscle Innervation
Nerve to Obturator Internus and Superior Gemellus (L5-S1)
Superior Gemellus Muscle Action
Hip external rotation when hip is extending; Hip abduction when hip was flexed; steadies the head of the femur in the acetabulum
Inferior Gemellus Muscle Origin
Upper aspect of Ischial tuberosity
Inferior Gemellus Muscle Insertion
Inferior border of obturator internus and into medial side of greater trochanter of femur
Inferior Gemellus Muscle Innervation
Nerve to Quadratus femoris and Inferior Gemellus (L5-S1)
Inferior Gemellus Muscle Action
Hip external rotation when hip is extending; Hip abduction when him was flexed; steadies the head of the femur in the acetabulum
Piriformis Muscle Action
Hip external rotation when hip is extending; Hip abduction when him was flexed; steadies the head of the femur in the acetabulum
Quadtraus Femoris Muscle Origin
Lateral aspect of ischium just anterior to ischial tuberosity
Quadtraus Femoris Muscle Insertion
Quadrate tubercle of femur
Quadtraus Femoris Muscle Innervation
Nerve to Quadtratus femoris and Inferior Gemellus (L5-S1)
Quadtraus Femoris Muscle Action
Hip External Rotation
Piriformis Muscle Origin
Anterior Sacrum lateral to sacral foramina
Piriformis Muscle Insertion
Upper border greater trochanter of femur (medial side)
Piriformis Muscle Innervation
Ventral Rami of L5-S2
Piriformis Muscle Action
Hip external rotation when hip is extending; Hip abduction when him was flexed; steadies the head of the femur in the acetabulum
Gluteus Minimus Muscle Origin
External surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
Gluteus Minimus Muscle Insertion
Anterolateral surface greater trochanter of femur
Gluteus Minimus Muscle Innervation
Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
Gluteus Minimus Muscle Action
Hip abduction, internal rotation; steadies pelvis in gait
Gluteus Medius Muscle Origin
External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
Gluteus Medius Muscle Insertion
Lateral surface greater trochanter of femur
Gluteus Medius Muscle Innervation
Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
Gluteus Medius Muscle Action
Hip Abduction, internal rotation; steadies pelvis in gait
Gluteus Maximus Muscle Origin
Posterior gluteal line and crest of ilium; Fascia of Gluteus medius and Erector Spinae; Dorsal surface sacrum and coccyx; Sacrotuberous ligament
Gluteus Maximus Muscle Insertion
Iliotibial tract: posterior border (3/4ths of fibers insert here); Gluteal tuberosity of femur (1/4th of fibers here)
Gluteus Maximus Muscle Innervation
Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)
Gluteus Maximus Muscle Action
Hip Extension (Chief extensor); External rotation, abduction lateral stabilizer of hip and knee in iliotibial tract
What are the muscles of the gluteal region?
- Obturator Externus
- Piriformus
- Superior Gemellus
- Obturator Internus
- Inferior Gemellus
- Quadratus Femoris
- Gluteus Minimus
- Gluteus Medius
- Gluteus Maximus
- Tensor Fasciae Latae
What is the function of the obturator internus bursa?
Protect the tendon as it goes over the ischium
Iliotibial tract (IT Band)
- superficial thickening of fascia lata
- Descends along lateral thigh from iliac tubercle to anterolateral superior surface of tibia.
Functions of the Iliotibial tract
- acts as aponeurosis for tensor fasciae latae and gluteus maximus muscles
- Through muscle attachments, helps stabilize leg in extension once extended
- Helps to laterally stabilize hip joint.
- Helps transfer weight from trunk/pelvis to the leg.
Sciatic Nerve Pathway
- Passes inferior to piriformis muscle between ischial tuberosity and greater trochanter of the femur.
- Travels down lower extremity posterior to adductor magnus muscle
- Divides into branches at distal thigh. (Tibial Division and Common Fibular Division)
Tibial Nerve
- Medial branch of the sciatic nerve
- supplies hamstring portion of adductor magnus and all posterior thigh muscles except short head of the biceps
- Travels midline down posterior or thigh to politeal fossa
Common Fibular (Peroneal) Nerve
- Lateral branch of sciatic nerve
- Innervates short head of biceps femoris
- travels slightly lateral down posterior thigh to popliteal fossa
Greater and lesser sciatic foraman Structure
- formed by greater and lesser sciatic notches with the sacropinous and sacrotuberous ligaments
- Structures exit pelvis through the foramen and some re-enter the pelvic region via the lesser sciatic foramen
structures that exit the Greater Sciatic foramen
- Piriformis muscle (fills most of the foramen)
- Superior gluteal nerves and vessels: Travel superior to piriformis and then between gluteus minimus and medius muscles also supplying TFL
- Sciatic Nerve: Tibial and common fibular nerves - inferior to piriformis.
- Nerve to Inferior Gemellus and Quadratus Femoris: Exits deep to sciatic nerve
- Posterior femoral cutaneous: Travels down the back of the thigh
- Inferior gluteal vessels and nerves: exit inferior to Piriformis muscle
- Nerve to Obturator Internus and Superior Gemellus: Supplies superior gemellus, then crosses ischial spine to re-enter pelvis
- Pudendal vessels and nerve: exit medialy, cross spine of ichium and re-enters pelvis
Structures that pass through the lesser sciatic forament to enter perineum
- Nerve to Obturator Internus and Superior Gemellus:
2. Pudendal vessels and nerve
Structures that exit the lesser sciatic foramen
- Obturator Internus Muscle: Exits lesser sciatic foramen to insert at medial surface of greater trochanter
Branches of the Profunda Femoris Artery
4 perforating branches given off as the profunda femoris travels distally piercing the adductor magnus muscle to supply posterior thigh
- 1st Branch - superior to Adductor Brevis Muscle
- 2nd Branch - Anterior to Adductor Brevis Muscle
- 3rd Branch - Inferior to Addictor Brevis Muscle
- Terminal branch - Profunda Femoris ends as the last branch
Superficial Venous Drainage - Greater Saphenous Vein
What forms it?
Dorsal vein of Great Toe
Dorsal venous Arch
Superficial Venous Drainage - Lesser Saphenous Vein
What forms it?
Dorsal vein of the little toe
Dorsal Venous arch
Path of the Great Saphenous Vein
- Travels up medial side of lower limb
- Anterior to medial malleolus
- posterior over medial epicondyle
- Enters Saphenous Opening
- Empties into femoral vein
Path of the Lesser Saphenous Vein
- Travels posterior to lateral malleolus
- Lateral to Achilles Tendon
- Pierces crural fascia between heads of gastrocnemius muscle
- Empties into popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa
Ligaments of the Pelvis Function
- Thick and Strong ligaments for Muscle attachments and subdividing the region info Foramina
Sacrotuberous Ligament of the Pelvis - Base and Apex
BASE:
- Dorsal/Lateral Margin of the sacrum
- Dorsal/Lateral surface of Coccyx
- PSIS
APEX:
Medial margin of the Ischial Tuberosity
Posterior to Sacrospinous ligament
Sacrospinous Iigament
Base: Lateral Sacrum and Coccyx
Apex: Ischial Spine
Function of Sacrospinous and Sacrotuberous ligaments
together they transform sciatic notches into greater and lesser sciatic foramen
Inguinal Ligament
Comprised of rolled edge of aponeurosis from external abdominal oblique muscle
Attachments: ASIS to pubic Tubercle
Forms superior border of femoral triangle
