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Spinal Musculature Flashcards

1
Q

Prevertebral Muscles

A
  1. Longus Capitis Muscle
  2. Longus Colli Muscle
  3. Rectus Capitis Anterior Muscle
  4. Rectus Capitis Lateralis Muscle
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2
Q

Longus Capitis Muscle Origin

A

Anterior Tubercles of the transverse processes of C3-C6 vertebrae

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3
Q

Longus Capitis Muscle Insertion

A

Basilar Process of occipital bone (anterior to foramen magnum)

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4
Q

Longus Capitis Muscle Innervation

A

Ventral Rami of C1-C3

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5
Q

Longus Capitis Muscle Action

A

Flexes cervical vertebrae and head

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6
Q

Longus Colli Muscle Orgin

A

Superior Oblique Part: Anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C3-C5

Medial Part: Anterior surfaces of the bodies of C5-T3

Inferior Oblique part: Anterior surface of the bodies of T1-T3

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7
Q

Longus Colli Muscle Insertion

A

Superior Oblique part: Anterior arch of Atlas

Medial Part: Anterior surfaces of vertebral bodies of C2-C4

Inferior Oblique Part: Anterior tubercles of the transverse process of C5-C6

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8
Q

Longus Colli Muscle Innervation

A

Branches from Vertebral Rami of C2-C6

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9
Q

Longus Colli Muscle Action

A
  • Neck Flexion
  • Oblique Portions lateral Flexion
  • Acts as stabilizer in maintaining cervical lordosis
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10
Q

Rectus Capitis Anterior Muscle Origin

A

Anterior Surface of transverse process of atlas

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11
Q

Rectus Capitis Anterior Muscle Insertion

A

Occipital bone anterior to foramen magnum

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12
Q

Rectus Capitis Anterior Muscle Innervation

A

Branches from Ventral Rami of C1-C2

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13
Q

Rectus Capitis Anterior Muscle Action

A

Flexes head at atlanto-occipital joint

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14
Q

Rectus Capitis Lateralis Muscle Origin

A

Superior surface of transverse process of atlas

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15
Q

Rectus Capitis Lateralis Muscle Insertion

A

Inferior surface of jugular process of occipital bone

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16
Q

Rectus Capitis Lateralis Muscle Innervation

A

Branches of Ventral Rami of C1-C2

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17
Q

Rectus Capitis Lateralis Muscle action

A

Lateral Flexion of head

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18
Q

Back Muscles: Superficial Muscles of the Back

A
  1. Trapezius Muscle
  2. Latissimus Dorsi Muscle
  3. Levator Scapulae Muscle
  4. Rhomboid Major Muscle
  5. Rhomboid Minor Muscle
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19
Q

Thoracolumbar fascia

A

Multiple layers that surround:

  • Quadratus Lumborum Muscle
  • Erector Spinae Muscle
  • Serves as part of the origin of the latissimus dorsi muscle.
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20
Q

Trapezius Muscle Origin

A

Origin: medial 1/3 superior Nuchael line of occipital bone; external occipital protuberance (inion process), ligamentum Nuchae, spinous processes C7-T12 and related supraspinous ligaments.

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21
Q

Trapezius Muscle Insertion

A

Insertion: Posterior border of lateral 1/3 clavicle; Median margin of acromion, Superior lip of the spine of the scapula to the smooth triangular space

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22
Q

Trapezius Muscle Innervation

A

Innervation: Motor: Spinal nerve of accessory nerve CN XI; Propriroception: Anterior rami of C3 and C4

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23
Q

Trapezius Muscle Action

A

Action:

  • Superior fibers: elevate scapula (shrug shoulders) and rotate scapula when arm is abducted above horizontal
  • Middle fibers: Retract scapula
  • Inferior fibers: Depress scapula
  • Superior and inferior: Superior (upward) rotation of scapula
  • Action on the head: Superior fibers (when acting unilaterally) laterally flex and rotate head to opposite side; (acting bilaterally) extended head
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24
Q

Rhomboid Minor Muscle Origin

Fixes the scapula

A

Origin: Spinous processes of C7-T1 vertebrae and Lower portion of ligamentum nuchae

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25
Q

Rhomboid Minor Muscle Insertion

Fixes the scapula

A

Insertion: medial border of scapula at the root of the spine of the scapula

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26
Q

Rhomboid Minor Muscle Innervation

Fixes the scapula

A

Innervation: Dorsal Scapular nerve (C5)

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27
Q

Rhomboid Minor Muscle Action

Fixes the scapula

A

Action: Retracts, downwardly rotates and assists with elevation oft he scapula.

Synergist for elevation

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28
Q

Rhomboid Major Muscle Origin

Fixes the scapula

A

Origin: Spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae and corresponding spinous ligaments

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29
Q

Rhomboid Major Muscle Insertion

Fixes the scapula

A

Insertion: medial border of scapula from the bottom of the smooth triangular surface to inferior angle

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30
Q

Rhomboid Major Muscle Innervation

Fixes the scapula

A

Innervation: Dorsal Scapular nerve (C5)

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31
Q

Rhomboid Major Muscle Action

Fixes the scapula

A

Action: Retracts, downwardly rotates and assists with elevation of the scapula.

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32
Q

Levator scapula Muscle Origin

fixes the scapula

A

Origin: Transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebra

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33
Q

Levator scapula Muscle Insertion

fixes the scapula

A

Insertion: medial border of the scapula from superior angle to top of smooth triangular space at base of spine

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34
Q

Levator scapula Muscle Innervation

fixes the scapula

A

Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve (C5), branches from C3 and C4 spinal nerves

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35
Q

Levator scapula Muscle Action

fixes the scapula

A

Action: Elevates, downwardly rotates and assists in retraction of scapula

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36
Q

Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Origin

A

Origin:

  • Spinous processes of lower six thoracic vertebrae and related supraspinous ligaments
  • Spinous proceses of lumbar and sacral vertebrae via thoracolumbar fascia
  • External lip of iliac crest
  • Lower 3-4 ribs by fleshy attachments
  • May attach to the inferior angle of the scapula
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37
Q

Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Insertion

A

Insertion: Floor of intertubercular groove of the humerus

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38
Q

Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Innervation

A

Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8)

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39
Q

Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Action

A

Action:

  • Arm: Extension, adduction, internal (medial) Rotation, forms “power stroke”
  • If arms are stabilized, pulls trunk up (pull up/chin up)
  • Exhalation: Splints posterior abdomen
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40
Q

Back Muscles: Intermediate Muscles of the Back

A
  • Serratus Posterior Superior Muscle

- Serratus Posterior Inferior Muscle

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41
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior Muscle Origin

A

Lower portion of ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7-T3 and Supraspinous ligament

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42
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior Muscle Insertion

A

Superior borders of Ribs 2-5 lateral to their angles

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43
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior Muscle Innervation

A

Intercostal nerves T2-T5

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44
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior Muscle Action

A

Raises Ribs 2-5 during inspiration

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45
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior Muscle Origin

A

Spinout processes of T11-L3 and supraspinous ligament

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46
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior Muscle Insertion

A

Inferior borders of ribs 9-12 just lateral to the angles

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47
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior Muscle Innervation

A

Intercostal Nerves T9-T12

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48
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior Muscle Action

A

Depresses the last 4 ribs

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49
Q

Back Muscles: Deep Muscles of the Back

A

Extensor/Rotators of Head and Neck:

  • Spinotransversales Muscles
  • Suboccipital Triangle

Extensors/Rotators of Vertebral Column

  • Sacrospinales Muscles (Erector Spinae)
  • Transversospinales Group
  • Segmental Muscles
50
Q

Spinotransversales

A
  • Splenius Capitis Muscle

- Splenius Cervicis Muscle

51
Q

Splenius Capitis Muscle Origin

A

Lower 1/2 of ligamentum nuchae and spinous prcoesses of C7-T4

52
Q

Splenius Capitis Muscle Insertion

A

Below Lateral 1/3rd of superior nuchael line; and mastoid process of temporal bone

53
Q

Splenius Capitis Muscle Innervation

A

Dorsal Rami of Middle cervical nerves

54
Q

Splenius Capitis Muscle Action

A

2 actions:

  • Bilateral contraction: Extends the neck
  • Unilateral contraction: lateral flexion and rotation of head and neck to same side.
55
Q

Splenius Cervicis Muscle Origin

A

Spinous processes of T3-T6

56
Q

Splenius Cervicis Muscle Insertion

A

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C3

57
Q

Splenius Cervicis Muscle Innervation

A

Dorsal Rami of Lower cervical nerves

58
Q

Splenius Cervicis Muscle Action

A

2 actions:

  • Bilateral contraction: Extends the neck
  • Unilateral contraction: lateral flexion and rotation of head and neck to same side.
59
Q

Suboccipital triangle

A

Boundaries:

  • Medial: Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Muscle
  • Inferior: Obliquues Capitis Inferior Muscle
  • Lateral: Obliquues Capitis Superior Muscle

Contents:

  • Vertebral Artery
  • Suboccipital Nerve (DPR of C1)
60
Q

Extensors and rotators of the vertebral colum

A

Sacropinales Muscles (Erector Spinae):

  • Iliocostalis Column (Lateral)
  • Longissimus Column (Intermediate)
  • Spinalis Column (Medial)

Transverseospinales Group:

  • Semispinalis Group
  • Multifidus
  • Rotatores

Segmental Muscles:

  • Levatores Costarum
  • Interspinalis
  • Intertransversarii
61
Q

Iliocostalis Lumborum Muscle Origin

A

Sacrum and medial part of iliac crest; Spinous processes of lumbar and lower 2 thoracic vertebrae and supraspinous ligament

62
Q

Iliocostalis Lumborum Muscle Insertion

A

Angles of ribs 6-12

63
Q

Iliocostalis Lumborum Muscle Innervation

A

Dorsal Rami of Thoracic and limbar spinal nerves

64
Q

Iliocostalis Lumborum Muscle Action

A

Bilateral: Extension
Unilateral: Lateral flexion of the vertebral column, lateral movement of pelvis

65
Q

Iliocostalis Thoracis Muscle Origin

A

Angles of Ribs 6-12

66
Q

Iliocostalis Thoracis Muscle Insertion

A

Angles of ribs 1-6 and transverse processes of C7

67
Q

Iliocostalis Thoracis Muscle Innervation

A

Dorsal Rami of thoracic spinal nerves

68
Q

Iliocostalis Thoracis Muscle Action

A

Bilateral: Extension
Unilateral: Lateral flexion of vertebral column

69
Q

Iliocostalis Cervicis Muscle Origin

A

Angles of ribs 3-6

70
Q

Iliocostalis Cervicis Muscle Insertion

A

Transverse processes of C4-C6

71
Q

Iliocostalis Cervicis Muscle Innervation

A

Dorsal rami of lower cervical spinal nerves

72
Q

Iliocostalis Cervicis Muscle Action

A

Bilateral: Extension
Unilateral: Lateral flexion of vertebral column

73
Q

Longissimus Thoracis Muscle Origin

A

Aponeurosis blending with iliocostalis in lumbar region and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

74
Q

Longissimus Thoracis Muscle Insertion

A

transverse processes of all thoracic vertebrae; and lateral to tubercles and angles of lower ten ribs

75
Q

Longissimus Thoracis Muscle Innervation

A

Dorsal rami of thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves

76
Q

Longissimus Thoracis Muscle Action

A

Bilateral: Extension
Unilateral: Lateral flexion of vertebral column

77
Q

Longissimus Cervicis Muscle Origin

A

Transverse processes of T1-T5

78
Q

Longissimus Cervicis Muscle Insertion

A

Transverse processes of C2-C6

79
Q

Longissimus Cervicis Muscle Innervation

A

Dorsal rami of thoracic spinal nerves

80
Q

Longissimus Cervicis Muscle Action

A

Bilateral: Extension
Unilateral: Lateral flexion of vertebral column

81
Q

Longissimus Capitis Muscle Origin

A

Transverse processes of T1-T5 and articular processes of C4-C7

82
Q

Longissimus Capitis Muscle Insertion

A

Posterior margin of mastoid process

83
Q

Longissimus Capitis Muscle Innervation

A

Dorsal Rami of the cervical nerves

84
Q

Longissimus Capitis Muscle Action

A

Bilateral: extends head;
Unilateral: Rotates the head to the same side

85
Q

Spinalis Thoracic Muscle Origin

A

Spinous processes of T10-L2

86
Q

Spinalis Thoracic Muscle Insertion

A

Spinous processes of T1-T8

87
Q

Spinalis Thoracic Muscle Innervation

A

Dorsal Rami of Thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves

88
Q

Spinalis Thoracic Muscle Action

A

Spinal extension

89
Q

Spinalis Cervicis Muscle Origin

A

Lower part of Ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7-T2

90
Q

Spinalis Cervicis Muscle Insertion

A

Spinous process of C2

91
Q

Spinalis Cervicis Muscle Innervation

A

Dorsal rami of cervical and thoracic spinal nerves

92
Q

Spinalis Capitis Muscle Origin

Blends with Semispinalis Capitis Muscle

A

Spinous processes of lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae

93
Q

Spinalis Capitis Muscle Insertion

A

Between superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occipital bone

94
Q

Spinalis Capitis Muscle Innervation

A

Dorsal Rami of cervical and thoracic spinal nerves

95
Q

Spinalis Capitis Muscle Action

A

Spinal extension

96
Q

Semispinalis Capitis Muscle Origin

A

Transverse processes of C7-T6 and articular processes fo C4-C6

97
Q

Semispinalis Capitis Muscle Insertion

A

Medial area between the superior and inferior nuchal Lines of the occipital bone

98
Q

Semispinalis Capitis Muscle Innervation

A

Dorsal Rami of spinal nerves

99
Q

Semispinalis Capitis Muscle Action

A

Bilateral: Head extension
Unilateral: Assists with slight rotation to opposite side

100
Q

Multifidus Muscle Origin

A

Articular processes of C4-C7, Transverse processes of all thoracic vertebrae, mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae, posterior superior iliac spine, dorsal surface of sacrum, origin of erector spinae

101
Q

Multifidus Muscle Insertion

A

Base of spinous process on vertebrae 2-4 above the vertebrae of origin (from C2-L5)

102
Q

Multifidus Muscle Innervation

A

Dorsal rami spinal nerves

103
Q

Multifidus Muscle Action

A

Bilateral: Extension
Unilateral: Rotates vertebral column to opposite side

104
Q

Multifidus Muscle Action

A

Bilateral: Extension
Unilateral: Rotates vertebral column to opposite side

105
Q

Rotatores Muscle Origin

A

Transverse processes of each vertebra-articular processes of cervical vertebra; transverse processes of thoracic; and mammillary processes of lumbar

106
Q

Rotatores Muscle Insertion

A

Base of spinous processes of the next two vertebrae above

107
Q

Rotatores Muscle Innervation

A

Dorsal Rami of spinal nerves

108
Q

Rotatores Muscle Action

A

Bilateral: Extension
Unilateral: Rotates the vertebral column to the opposite side

109
Q

Segmental Back Muscles:

General O/I
Specific A/N

A
  • Levators Costarum Muscle
  • Interspinalis Muscle
  • Intertransversarii Muscle
110
Q

Levatores Costarum Muscle Origin

A

Transverse processes of C7-T11

111
Q

Levatores Costarum Muscle Insertion

A

Close to tubercle of next lower rib

112
Q

Levatores Costarum Muscle Innervation

A

Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves

113
Q

Levatores Costarum Muscle Action

A

Elevates Ribs

114
Q

Interspinalis Muscles Origin

A

Superior surfaces of the spinous processes of vertebrae from sacrum to axis

115
Q

Interspinalis Muscles Insertion

A

Spinous processes of next superior vertebrae

116
Q

Interspinalis Muscles Innervation

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

117
Q

Interspinalis Muscles Action

A

Postural muscles that stabilize the vertebrae during vertebral column movements; Assist with extension

118
Q

Intertransversarii Muscle Origin

A

Transverse processes of vertebrae from lumbar to axis

119
Q

Intertransversarii Muscle Insertion

A

Transverse process of next superior vertebra

120
Q

Intertransversarii Muscle Innervation

A

ventral and dorsal rami of spinal nerves

121
Q

Intertransversarii Muscle Action

A

Postural muscles that stabilize vertebrae during movements of the vertebral column; assist with lateral flexion

Anatomy (18 decks)

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