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Anatomy > Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

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2
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

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3
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5

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4
Q

How many sacral vertebrae are there?

A

5

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5
Q

How many coccygeal vertebrae are there?

A

4 (or 1)

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6
Q

Is the vertebral body anterior or posterior?

A

Anterior

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7
Q

What makes up the vertebral arch?

A

Pedicle, lamina, superior & inferior articular processes, spinous process, transverse processes

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8
Q

What is a pedicle

A

Attaches transverse process to vertebral body

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9
Q

What is a lamina

A

Attaches transverse process to spinous process

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10
Q

What are the distinctive features of typical cervical vertebrae?

A

Triangular vertebral foramen
Bifid spinous process
Transverse foramina

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11
Q

What passes through transverse foramina?

A

Vertebral arteries

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12
Q

What are the distinctive features of C7 vertebra?

A

Very long spinous process, very small (sometimes absent) transverse foramina

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13
Q

What is C1 vertebra also known as?

A

Atlas

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14
Q

What is C2 vertebra also known as?

A

Axis

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15
Q

Which cervical vertebrae are atypical?

A

C1 and C2

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16
Q

What are the distinctive features of C1 vertebra?

A

No spinous process
No vertebral body
Anterior and posterior vertebral arches
Lateral tubercle for transverse ligament

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17
Q

What is the distinctive feature of C2 vertebra?

A

Has dens/odontoid process

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18
Q

What holds dens in place?

A

Transverse ligament of C1 vertebra

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19
Q

What are the distinctive features of thoracic vertebrae?

A

Heart shaped vertebral body
Costal demi-facets on each side of vertebral body
Costal facets on end of transverse processes
Long, inferiorly slanting spinous process

20
Q

How do thoracic vertebrae articulate with ribs?

A

Head of rib articulates with inferior costal demi-facet of vertebra above and superior costal demi-facet of corresponding vertebra.
Costal facets on transverse processes articulate with tubercle of corresponding rib

21
Q

What are the distinctive features of lumbar vertebrae?

A 
Large kidney-shaped vertebral bodies
Triangular vertebral foramen
Short spinous process
Shorter transverse processes
Superior articular facets face medially
Inferior articular facets face laterally
22
Q

What is an ala?

A

Large triangular surface either side of sacrum, continuous with iliac fossa

23
Q

Where do the sacral spinal nerves leave?

A

Anterior and posterior sacral foramina

24
Q

What are the coccygeal cornua?

A

Two superior protrusions that articulate with sacrum

25
Q

What are the facet/zygapophyseal joints between?

A

Superior and inferior articular processes

26
Q

What makes up the intervertebral discs?

A

Annulus fibrosis - outer ring

Nucleus pulposus - inner ball

27
Q

What are the attachments and function of the anterior longitudinal ligament?

A

Occipital bone and C1 to sacrum

Resists hyperextension of vertebral column

28
Q

What are the attachments and function of the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

C2 to sacrum

Prevents hyperflexion of vertebral column

29
Q

What are the attachments and function of the ligamentum flavum?

A

Lamina of adjacent vertebrae

Prevents hyperflexion and preserves upright posture

30
Q

What are the attachments and function of the ligamentum nuchae?

A

External occipital protuberance to spinous process of C7

Prevents hyperflexion

31
Q

What are the attachments and function of the interspinous ligaments?

A

Length of spinous process to length of adjacent spinous process
Prevents hyperflexion

32
Q

What are the attachments of supraspinous ligaments?

A

Spinous process to spinous process

33
Q

What are the attachments of intertransverse ligaments?

A

Transverse process to transverse process

34
Q

What are the curvatures of the spine?

A

Cervical and lumbar - lordosis

Thoracic and sacral - kyphosis

35
Q

What is a slipped disc?

A

Herniation of nucleus pulposus (usually L4/L5 or L5/S1)

36
Q

What vertebral level does spinal cord end in adults?

A

L1/L2

37
Q

What vertebral level does the spinal cord end in newborns?

A

L3

38
Q

What does the epidural space contain?

A

Lymphatics, spinal nerve roots, connective tissue, small arteries, venous plexuses

39
Q

Where do spinal arteries originate?

A

Vertebral arteries

40
Q

What does the anterior spinal artery supply?

A

Pia mater, anterior 2/3 of spinal cord, cauda equina

41
Q

What do the two posterior spinal arteries supply?

A

Posterior 1/3 of spinal cord

42
Q

What arteries reinforce the spinal arteries?

A

Radicular branches of intercostal and lumbar arteries

43
Q

Are the cervical spinal nerves above or below their corresponding vertebra?

A

Above

44
Q

Are the thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal spinal nerves above or below their corresponding vertebra?

A

Below

45
Q

What is the conus medullaris?

A

Termination of spinal cord

Anatomy (15 decks)

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