Pelvis and Hip Joint Flashcards
What are the three joints in the pelvic girdle?
Left and right sacroiliac joints and pubic symphysis joint
What is the area called where the ischium, ilium and pubic parts of the innominate bone fuse?
Acetabulum, ‘the socket’
What is the hip joint between?
Head of femur and acetabulum of innominate bone
What are the three bones in the pelvic girdle?
Left and right innominate bones and sacrum
What are the two pelvic ligaments that form greater and lesser sciatic foramen?
Sacrotuberous ligament
Sacrospinous ligament
What are the possible movements at the hip joint?
Flexion/extension
Abduction/adduction
Medial/lateral rotation
What are the three main features that enhance stability of hip joint?
Anatomy of acetabulum
Fibrous capsule
Ligaments
Why does the anatomy of the acetabulum enhance stability of hip joint?
Smooth and crescent shaped articular surface
Acetabular labrum - fibrocartilaginous collar that increases depth
What bridges the acetabular notch?
Transverse acetabular ligament
What are the attachments of the fibrous capsule?
Proximally - rim of acetabulum
Distally - femoral neck
What are the three ligaments that stabilise the hip joint called?
Iliofemoral, pubofemoral and ischiofemoral
Which ligament covers the joint superiorly and anteriorly?
Iliofemoral
Which ligament covers the joint inferiorly and anteriorly?
Pubofemoral
Which ligament covers the joint posteriorly?
Ischiofemoral
What is common function of the hip joint ligaments?
Prevent excessive extension
Which direction would the force come from to posteriorly dislocate the hip?
Anterior force on flexed knee
Which direction would the force come from to anteriorly dislocate the hip?
Force during extreme abduction
Which direction would the force come from to medially dislocate the hip?
Superior force through femur
What are the attachments of gluteus maximus?
Origin - gluteal surface of ilium, sacrum and coccyx
Insertion - iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur
What are the actions of gluteus maximus?
Extension of thigh, also assists in lateral rotation
What nerve supplies gluteus maximus?
Inferior gluteal nerve
What are the attachments of gluteus medius?
Origin - gluteal surface of ilium
Insertion - lateral surface of greater trochanter
What are the attachments of gluteus minimis?
Origin - ilium
Insertion - anterior side of greater trochanter
What are the actions of gluteus medius and minimis?
Abduction and medial rotation of thigh, prevents pelvic drop of other limb
What nerve supplies gluteus medius and minimis?
Superior gluteal nerve
What is the iliotibial tract?
Fibrous reinforcement of fascia lata (deep fascia of thigh)
What are the attachments of piriformis muscle?
Origin - anterior sacrum, gluteal spine, superior margin of greater sciatic notch
Insertion - greater trochanter
What are the actions of piriformis?
Lateral rotation and abduction
What nerve supplies piriformis?
Nerve to piriformis
Which nerves and vessels pass through greater sciatic foramen superior to piriformis?
Superior gluteal vessels
Superior gluteal nerve
Which nerves and vessels pass through greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis?
Inferior gluteal vessels Inferior gluteal nerve Inferior pudendal vessels Pudendal nerve Sciatic nerve Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve Nerve to obturator internus Nerve to quadratus femoris
Which structures pass through lesser sciatic foramen?
Tendon of obturator internus
Internal pudendal vessels
Pudendal nerve
Nerve to obturator internus
What are the attachments of obturator internus muscle?
Origin - pubis and ischium at obturator foramen
Insertion - greater trochanter of femur
What are the actions of obturator internus?
Lateral rotation and abduction at the hip
What nerve supplies obturator internus?
Nerve to obturator internus
What are the attachments of superior gemellus?
Origin - ischial spine
Insertion - greater trochanter
What nerve supplies superior gemellus?
Nerve to obturator internus
What are the attachments of inferior gemellus?
Origin - ischial tuberosity
Insertion - greater trochanter
What are the actions of the gemelli muscles?
Lateral rotation and abduction at hip
What nerve supplies inferior gemellus?
Nerve to quadratus femoris
What are the attachments of quadratus femoris?
Origin - lateral side of ischial tuberosity
Insertion - quadrate tuberosity on intertrochanteric crest
What is the action of quadratus femoris?
Lateral rotation of hip
What nerve supplies quadratus femoris?
Nerve to quadratus femoris
Which muscles insert into greater trochanter of femur?
Gluteus medius and minimis, piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli
Which muscles are responsible for flexion of the hip?
Adductor part of adductor magnus, sartorius, pectineus, iliopsoas, rectus femoris
Which muscles are responsible for extension of the hip?
Gluteus maximus, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, long head of biceps femoris, hamstring part of adductor magnus
Which muscles are responsible for abduction of the hip?
Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli, sartorius
Which muscles are responsible for adduction of the hip?
Adductor magnus, pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis
Which muscles are responsible for medial rotation of the hip?
Gluteus medius and minimis, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, adductor longus
Which muscles are responsible for lateral rotation of the hip?
Gluteus maximus, piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli, quadratus femoris, biceps femoris, sartorius, iliopsoas, obturator externus
