Pelvis and Hip Joint

Question 1

What are the three joints in the pelvic girdle?

Answer 1

Left and right sacroiliac joints and pubic symphysis joint

Question 2

What is the area called where the ischium, ilium and pubic parts of the innominate bone fuse?

Answer 2

Acetabulum, ‘the socket’

Question 3

What is the hip joint between?

Answer 3

Head of femur and acetabulum of innominate bone

Question 4

What are the three bones in the pelvic girdle?

Answer 4

Left and right innominate bones and sacrum

Question 5

What are the two pelvic ligaments that form greater and lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 5

Sacrotuberous ligament

Sacrospinous ligament

Question 6

What are the possible movements at the hip joint?

Answer 6

Flexion/extension
Abduction/adduction
Medial/lateral rotation

Question 7

What are the three main features that enhance stability of hip joint?

Answer 7

Anatomy of acetabulum
Fibrous capsule
Ligaments

Question 8

Why does the anatomy of the acetabulum enhance stability of hip joint?

Answer 8

Smooth and crescent shaped articular surface

Acetabular labrum - fibrocartilaginous collar that increases depth

Question 9

What bridges the acetabular notch?

Answer 9

Transverse acetabular ligament

Question 10

What are the attachments of the fibrous capsule?

Answer 10

Proximally - rim of acetabulum

Distally - femoral neck

Question 11

What are the three ligaments that stabilise the hip joint called?

Answer 11

Iliofemoral, pubofemoral and ischiofemoral

Question 12

Which ligament covers the joint superiorly and anteriorly?

Answer 12

Iliofemoral

Question 13

Which ligament covers the joint inferiorly and anteriorly?

Answer 13

Pubofemoral

Question 14

Which ligament covers the joint posteriorly?

Answer 14

Ischiofemoral

Question 15

What is common function of the hip joint ligaments?

Answer 15

Prevent excessive extension

Question 16

Which direction would the force come from to posteriorly dislocate the hip?

Answer 16

Anterior force on flexed knee

Question 17

Which direction would the force come from to anteriorly dislocate the hip?

Answer 17

Force during extreme abduction

Question 18

Which direction would the force come from to medially dislocate the hip?

Answer 18

Superior force through femur

Question 19

What are the attachments of gluteus maximus?

Answer 19

Origin - gluteal surface of ilium, sacrum and coccyx

Insertion - iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur

Question 20

What are the actions of gluteus maximus?

Answer 20

Extension of thigh, also assists in lateral rotation

Question 21

What nerve supplies gluteus maximus?

Answer 21

Inferior gluteal nerve

Question 22

What are the attachments of gluteus medius?

Answer 22

Origin - gluteal surface of ilium

Insertion - lateral surface of greater trochanter

Question 23

What are the attachments of gluteus minimis?

Answer 23

Origin - ilium

Insertion - anterior side of greater trochanter

Question 24

What are the actions of gluteus medius and minimis?

Answer 24

Abduction and medial rotation of thigh, prevents pelvic drop of other limb

Question 25

What nerve supplies gluteus medius and minimis?

Answer 25

Superior gluteal nerve

Question 26

What is the iliotibial tract?

Answer 26

Fibrous reinforcement of fascia lata (deep fascia of thigh)

Question 27

What are the attachments of piriformis muscle?

Answer 27

Origin - anterior sacrum, gluteal spine, superior margin of greater sciatic notch Insertion - greater trochanter

Question 28

What are the actions of piriformis?

Answer 28

Lateral rotation and abduction

Question 29

What nerve supplies piriformis?

Answer 29

Nerve to piriformis

Question 30

Which nerves and vessels pass through greater sciatic foramen superior to piriformis?

Answer 30

Superior gluteal vessels | Superior gluteal nerve

Question 31

Which nerves and vessels pass through greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis?

Answer 31

``` Inferior gluteal vessels Inferior gluteal nerve Inferior pudendal vessels Pudendal nerve Sciatic nerve Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve Nerve to obturator internus Nerve to quadratus femoris ```

Question 32

Which structures pass through lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 32

Tendon of obturator internus Internal pudendal vessels Pudendal nerve Nerve to obturator internus

Question 33

What are the attachments of obturator internus muscle?

Answer 33

Origin - pubis and ischium at obturator foramen | Insertion - greater trochanter of femur

Question 34

What are the actions of obturator internus?

Answer 34

Lateral rotation and abduction at the hip

Question 35

What nerve supplies obturator internus?

Answer 35

Nerve to obturator internus

Question 36

What are the attachments of superior gemellus?

Answer 36

Origin - ischial spine | Insertion - greater trochanter

Question 37

What nerve supplies superior gemellus?

Answer 37

Nerve to obturator internus

Question 38

What are the attachments of inferior gemellus?

Answer 38

Origin - ischial tuberosity | Insertion - greater trochanter

Question 39

What are the actions of the gemelli muscles?

Answer 39

Lateral rotation and abduction at hip

Question 40

What nerve supplies inferior gemellus?

Answer 40

Nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 41

What are the attachments of quadratus femoris?

Answer 41

Origin - lateral side of ischial tuberosity | Insertion - quadrate tuberosity on intertrochanteric crest

Question 42

What is the action of quadratus femoris?

Answer 42

Lateral rotation of hip

Question 43

What nerve supplies quadratus femoris?

Answer 43

Nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 44

Which muscles insert into greater trochanter of femur?

Answer 44

Gluteus medius and minimis, piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli

Question 45

Which muscles are responsible for flexion of the hip?

Answer 45

Adductor part of adductor magnus, sartorius, pectineus, iliopsoas, rectus femoris

Question 46

Which muscles are responsible for extension of the hip?

Answer 46

Gluteus maximus, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, long head of biceps femoris, hamstring part of adductor magnus

Question 47

Which muscles are responsible for abduction of the hip?

Answer 47

Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli, sartorius

Question 48

Which muscles are responsible for adduction of the hip?

Answer 48

Adductor magnus, pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis

Question 49

Which muscles are responsible for medial rotation of the hip?

Answer 49

Gluteus medius and minimis, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, adductor longus

Question 50

Which muscles are responsible for lateral rotation of the hip?

Answer 50

Gluteus maximus, piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli, quadratus femoris, biceps femoris, sartorius, iliopsoas, obturator externus