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Lower Leg Flashcards

1
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris

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2
Q

Which nerve supplies the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of leg?

A

Tibial nerve

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3
Q

What are the attachments of gastrocnemius?

A

Origin
- Lateral head - lateral femoral condyle
- Medial head - medial femoral condyle
Insertion - calcaneus

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4
Q

Which muscles converge to form calcaneal tendon?

A

Gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris

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5
Q

What are the actions of gastrocnemius?

A

Plantarflexion of foot, flexion of knee

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6
Q

What are the attachments of soleus?

A

Origin - soleal line of tibia and proximal fibular area

Insertion - calcaneus

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7
Q

What are the actions of soleus?

A

Plantarflexion of foot

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8
Q

What are the attachments of plantaris?

A

Origin - lateral supracondylar line of femur

Insertion - calcaneal tendon

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9
Q

What are the actions of plantaris?

A

Plantarflexion of foot, flexion of knee

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10
Q

Which muscle in the leg is absent in 10% of people?

A

Plantaris

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11
Q

What passes through the superior foramen in interosseous membrane?

A

Anterior tibial vessels

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12
Q

What passes through the inferior foramen in interosseous membrane?

A

Anterior fibular vessels

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13
Q

Which muscles are in the anterior compartment of the lower leg?

A

Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius

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14
Q

What are the attachments of tibialis anterior?

A

Origin - lateral surface of tibia

Insertion - medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal

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15
Q

What are the actions of tibialis anterior?

A

Dorsiflexion and inversion of foot

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16
Q

What are the attachments of extensor hallucis longus?

A

Origin - medial surface of fibula

Insertion - base of distal phalanx of big toe

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17
Q

What are the actions of extensor hallucis longus?

A

Extension of big toe and dorsiflexion of foot

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18
Q

What are the attachments of extensor digitorum longus?

A

Origin - lateral condyle of tibia and medial surface of fibula
Insertion - middle and distal phalanges of lateral four toes

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19
Q

What are the actions of extensor digitorum longus?

A

Extension of lateral four toes and dorsiflexion of foot

20
Q

What are the attachments of fibularis tertius?

A

Origin - medial surface of fibula

Insertion - fifth metatarsal

21
Q

What are the actions of fibularis tertius?

A

Eversion and dorsiflexion of foot

22
Q

Which muscle in the anterior compartment of lower leg isn’t present in everyone?

A

Fibularis tertius

23
Q

What nerve supplies all the muscles in the anterior compartment of the lower leg?

A

Deep fibular nerve

24
Q

What is the common function of all the muscles of the anterior compartment of the lower leg?

A

Dorsiflexion of foot

25
Q

Which muscles are in the lateral compartment of the lower leg?

A

Fibularis longus and brevis

26
Q

What are the attachments of fibularis longus?

A

Origin - superiolateral surface of fibula and lateral tibial condyle
Insertion - base of first metatarsal and base of medial cuneiform

27
Q

What are the actions of fibularis longus?

A

Plantarflexion and eversion of foot

Also supports arches of foot

28
Q

What are the attachments of fibularis brevis?

A

Origin - inferiolateral surface of fibula

Insertion - tubercle on fifth metatarsal

29
Q

What is the action of fibularis brevis?

A

Eversion of foot

30
Q

What nerve supplies fibularis longus and brevis?

A

Superficial fibular nerve (L4-S1)

31
Q

Which muscles make up the deep part of the posterior compartment of the lower leg?

A

Popliteus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior

32
Q

What are the attachments of popliteus?

A

Origin - posterior surface of proximal tibia

Insertion - lateral condyle of femur

33
Q

What are the actions of popliteus?

A

Lateral rotation of femur on tibia (unlocking knee)

34
Q

What are the attachments of flexor digitorum longus?

A

Origin - medial surface of tibia

Insertion - plantar surface of lateral four digits

35
Q

What is the action of flexor digitorum longus?

A

Flexion of lateral four digits

36
Q

What are the attachments of flexor hallucis longus?

A

Origin - posterior surface of fibula

Insertion - plantar surface of phalanx of big toe

37
Q

What is the action of flexor hallucis longus?

A

Flexion of big toe

38
Q

What are the attachments of tibialis posterior?

A

Origin - interosseous membrane and posterior surface of tibia and fibula
Insertion - plantar surfaces of medial tarsal bones

39
Q

What are the actions of tibialis posterior?

A

Inversion and plantarflexion of foot

Also maintains medial arch of foot

40
Q

What nerve supplies the posterior muscles of the lower leg?

A

Tibial nerve

41
Q

What is the order of the tendons posterior to medial malleolus?

A 
Tom - tibialis posterior
Dick - flexor digitorum longus
And - posterior tibial artery
Nervous - tibial nerve
Harry - flexor hallucis longus
42
Q

Which muscles are responsible for plantarflexion of the foot?

A

Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, fibularis longus, tibialis posterior

43
Q

Which muscles are responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot?

A

Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius

44
Q

Which muscles are responsible for inversion of the foot?

A

Tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior

45
Q

Which muscles are responsible for eversion of the foot?

A

Fibularis tertius, fibularis longus, fibularis brevis

Anatomy (15 decks)

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