Lower Leg

Question 1

What are the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 1

Gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris

Question 2

Which nerve supplies the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of leg?

Answer 2

Tibial nerve

Question 3

What are the attachments of gastrocnemius?

Answer 3

Origin
- Lateral head - lateral femoral condyle
- Medial head - medial femoral condyle
Insertion - calcaneus

Question 4

Which muscles converge to form calcaneal tendon?

Answer 4

Gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris

Question 5

What are the actions of gastrocnemius?

Answer 5

Plantarflexion of foot, flexion of knee

Question 6

What are the attachments of soleus?

Answer 6

Origin - soleal line of tibia and proximal fibular area

Insertion - calcaneus

Question 7

What are the actions of soleus?

Answer 7

Plantarflexion of foot

Question 8

What are the attachments of plantaris?

Answer 8

Origin - lateral supracondylar line of femur

Insertion - calcaneal tendon

Question 9

What are the actions of plantaris?

Answer 9

Plantarflexion of foot, flexion of knee

Question 10

Which muscle in the leg is absent in 10% of people?

Answer 10

Plantaris

Question 11

What passes through the superior foramen in interosseous membrane?

Answer 11

Anterior tibial vessels

Question 12

What passes through the inferior foramen in interosseous membrane?

Answer 12

Anterior fibular vessels

Question 13

Which muscles are in the anterior compartment of the lower leg?

Answer 13

Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius

Question 14

What are the attachments of tibialis anterior?

Answer 14

Origin - lateral surface of tibia

Insertion - medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal

Question 15

What are the actions of tibialis anterior?

Answer 15

Dorsiflexion and inversion of foot

Question 16

What are the attachments of extensor hallucis longus?

Answer 16

Origin - medial surface of fibula

Insertion - base of distal phalanx of big toe

Question 17

What are the actions of extensor hallucis longus?

Answer 17

Extension of big toe and dorsiflexion of foot

Question 18

What are the attachments of extensor digitorum longus?

Answer 18

Origin - lateral condyle of tibia and medial surface of fibula
Insertion - middle and distal phalanges of lateral four toes

Question 19

What are the actions of extensor digitorum longus?

Answer 19

Extension of lateral four toes and dorsiflexion of foot

Question 20

What are the attachments of fibularis tertius?

Answer 20

Origin - medial surface of fibula

Insertion - fifth metatarsal

Question 21

What are the actions of fibularis tertius?

Answer 21

Eversion and dorsiflexion of foot

Question 22

Which muscle in the anterior compartment of lower leg isn’t present in everyone?

Answer 22

Fibularis tertius

Question 23

What nerve supplies all the muscles in the anterior compartment of the lower leg?

Answer 23

Deep fibular nerve

Question 24

What is the common function of all the muscles of the anterior compartment of the lower leg?

Answer 24

Dorsiflexion of foot

Question 25

Which muscles are in the lateral compartment of the lower leg?

Answer 25

Fibularis longus and brevis

Question 26

What are the attachments of fibularis longus?

Answer 26

Origin - superiolateral surface of fibula and lateral tibial condyle Insertion - base of first metatarsal and base of medial cuneiform

Question 27

What are the actions of fibularis longus?

Answer 27

Plantarflexion and eversion of foot | Also supports arches of foot

Question 28

What are the attachments of fibularis brevis?

Answer 28

Origin - inferiolateral surface of fibula | Insertion - tubercle on fifth metatarsal

Question 29

What is the action of fibularis brevis?

Answer 29

Eversion of foot

Question 30

What nerve supplies fibularis longus and brevis?

Answer 30

Superficial fibular nerve (L4-S1)

Question 31

Which muscles make up the deep part of the posterior compartment of the lower leg?

Answer 31

Popliteus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior

Question 32

What are the attachments of popliteus?

Answer 32

Origin - posterior surface of proximal tibia | Insertion - lateral condyle of femur

Question 33

What are the actions of popliteus?

Answer 33

Lateral rotation of femur on tibia (unlocking knee)

Question 34

What are the attachments of flexor digitorum longus?

Answer 34

Origin - medial surface of tibia | Insertion - plantar surface of lateral four digits

Question 35

What is the action of flexor digitorum longus?

Answer 35

Flexion of lateral four digits

Question 36

What are the attachments of flexor hallucis longus?

Answer 36

Origin - posterior surface of fibula | Insertion - plantar surface of phalanx of big toe

Question 37

What is the action of flexor hallucis longus?

Answer 37

Flexion of big toe

Question 38

What are the attachments of tibialis posterior?

Answer 38

Origin - interosseous membrane and posterior surface of tibia and fibula Insertion - plantar surfaces of medial tarsal bones

Question 39

What are the actions of tibialis posterior?

Answer 39

Inversion and plantarflexion of foot | Also maintains medial arch of foot

Question 40

What nerve supplies the posterior muscles of the lower leg?

Answer 40

Tibial nerve

Question 41

What is the order of the tendons posterior to medial malleolus?

Answer 41

``` Tom - tibialis posterior Dick - flexor digitorum longus And - posterior tibial artery Nervous - tibial nerve Harry - flexor hallucis longus ```

Question 42

Which muscles are responsible for plantarflexion of the foot?

Answer 42

Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, fibularis longus, tibialis posterior

Question 43

Which muscles are responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot?

Answer 43

Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius

Question 44

Which muscles are responsible for inversion of the foot?

Answer 44

Tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior

Question 45

Which muscles are responsible for eversion of the foot?

Answer 45

Fibularis tertius, fibularis longus, fibularis brevis