Foot Flashcards
What are the attachments of extensor digitorum brevis?
Origin - calcaneus, interosseous talocalcaneal ligament and inferior extensor retinaculum
Insertion - long extensor tendons of lateral 4 digits
What are the actions of extensor digitorum brevis?
Extension of lateral 4 digits at metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints
Which nerve supplies the muscles of the dorsum of the foot?
Deep fibular nerve
What are the muscles of the dorsum of the foot called?
Extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis
What are the attachments of extensor hallucis brevis?
Origin - calcaneus, interosseous talocalcaneal ligament and inferior extensor retinaculum
Insertion - base of proximal phalanx of big toe
What are the actions of extensor hallucis brevis?
Extension of the big toe at metatarsophalangeal joint
How many layers of muscles does the plantar aspect of the foot have?
Four
Which muscles make up the first layer of the plantar aspect of the foot?
Flexor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis and abductor digiti minimi
What are the attachments of flexor digitorum brevis?
Origin - medial tubercle of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
Insertion - middle phalanges of lateral 4 digits
What are the actions of flexor digitorum brevis?
Flexion of lateral 4 digits at proximal interphalangeal joint
What nerve supplies flexor digitorum brevis?
Medial plantar nerve
What are the attachments of abductor hallucis?
Origin - medial tubercle of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum and plantar aponeurosis
Insertion - medial base of proximal phalanx of big toe
What are the actions of abductor hallucis?
Abduction and flexion of big toe
What nerve supplies abductor hallucis?
Medial plantar nerve
What are the attachments of abductor digiti minimi?
Origin - medial and lateral tubercles of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
Insertion - lateral base of proximal phalanx of fifth digit
What are the actions of abductor digiti minimi?
Abduction and flexion of fifth toe
Which nerve supplies abductor digiti minimi?
Lateral plantar nerve
Which muscles are in the second layer of the plantar aspect of the foot?
Lumbricals and quadratus plantae
Also tendons of flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus
What are the actions of the lumbricals?
Flexion at metatarsophalangeal joints and extension at interphalangeal joints
What are the attachments of quadratus plantae?
Origin - medial and lateral plantar surface of calcaneus
Insertion - tendons of flexor digitorum longus
What is the action of quadratus plantae?
Flexion of lateral 4 digits
Which nerve supplies quadratus plantae?
Lateral plantar nerve
Which muscles make up the third layer of the plantar aspect of the foot?
Flexor hallucis brevis, flexor digiti minimi and adductor hallucis
What are the two heads of adductor hallucis called?
Transverse and oblique heads
Which muscles make up the fourth layer of the plantar aspect of the foot?
Dorsal and plantar interossei
How many dorsal interossei are there?
Four
How many plantar interossei are there?
Three
What action do the dorsal interossei have?
Abduction of the toes
What action do the plantar interossei have?
Adduction of the toes
Which muscles are responsible for extension of the big toe?
Extensor hallucis longus and brevis
Which muscles are responsible for flexion of the big toe?
Flexor hallucis longus, flexor hallucis brevis and abductor hallucis
Which muscle is responsible for abduction of the big toe?
Abductor hallucis
Which muscle is responsible for adduction of the big toe?
Adductor hallucis
Which muscles are responsible for extension of the lateral four toes?
Extensor digitorum longus and brevis
Which muscles are responsible for flexion of the lateral four toes?
Flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum brevis and quadratus plantae
Which muscles are responsible for abduction of the lateral four toes?
Dorsal interossei
Which muscles are responsible for adduction of the lateral four toes?
Plantar interossei
Which muscles are responsible for flexion of the fifth toe?
Flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum brevis, quadratus plantae, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi
Which muscles are responsible for extension of the fifth toe?
Extensor digitorum longus and brevis
Which muscle is responsible for abduction of the fifth toe?
Abductor digiti minimi
Which muscle is responsible for adduction of the fifth toe?
Plantar interossei
