Skin Flashcards
What are the two layers of skin called?
Dermis and epidermis
What is the layer below the skin called?
Hypodermis/subcutis
Which type of skin is glabrous (not hairy)?
Thick skin
What type of epithelium is the epidermis made up of?
Stratified squamous epithelium
How many layers does the epidermis have and what are they called?
Five if thick, four if thin
Basal/germinal layer, spinous/squamous layer, granular layer, clear/translucent layer, cornified layer
Which layer of epidermis isn’t present in thin skin?
Clear/translucent layer
What cells are present in the basal/germinal layer of epidermis?
Proliferating and non-proliferating keratinocytes, melanocytes, merkel cells
What cells are present in the spinous/squamous layer of epidermis?
Keratinocytes connected by desmosomes, Langerhans cells
What cells are present in the granular layer of epidermis?
Keratinocytes - without nuclei and have granular cytoplasm
What cells are present in the clear/translucent layer of epidermis?
Dead flattened keratinocytes
What cells are present in the cornified layer of epidermis?
Anucleated corneocytes (attached by corneodesmosomes)
What are melanocytes?
Pigment cells
What are Langerhans cells?
Immunological
What are Merkel cells?
Mechanoreceptors
What are the two layers of dermis called?
Papillary layer and reticular layer
What are rete ridges?
Epidermal down-growths
What are dermal papillae?
Upward projections into epidermis
What is a dermatome?
Area of skin supplied by a single spinal root
What are the two types of cutaneous sensory receptors?
Unencapsulated/free nerve endings and encapsulated nerve endings
What type of sensors do free nerve endings act as?
Pain, itch and temperature sensors
What type of sensors do encapsulated nerve endings act as?
Mechanoreceptors
Where are Merkel cell-neurite complexes located?
Dermal epidermal junction
What do Merkel cell-neurite complexes detect?
Pressure
Are Merkel cell-neurite complexes rapid or slow adapting?
Slow
Where are Pacinian corpuscles located?
Dermal-subcutaneous junction
What do Pacinian corpuscles detect?
Vibration and pressure
Are Pacinian corpuscles rapid or slow adapting?
Rapid
Where are Meissner’s corpuscles located?
Dermal papillae
What do Meissner’s corpuscles detect?
Light touch
Are Meissner’s corpuscles rapid or slow adapting?
Rapid
Where are Ruffini endings located?
Subcutaneous layer/dermis
Are Ruffini endings rapid or slow adapting?
Slow
What do Ruffini endings detect?
Stretching and shearing
