Vertebral Column

Question 1

What do Somites differentiate into?

Answer 1

Derotomes (bone), myotomes (muscle), and dermatomes (skin)

Question 2

Types and number of vertebrae?

Answer 2

Cervical (7) 
Thoracic (12)  
Lumbar (5) 
Sacral (5 fused) 
Coccygeal - remainder of tail from evolution, variable amount

Question 3

Atlas

Answer 3

First cervical vertebrae - does not have spinous process or body.
Has arch, and two facets that hold up skull

Question 4

Axis

Answer 4

C2
Odontoid process - body, process that sticks superiorly
Rotate skull back and forth when you say no

Question 5

C3 - C7

Answer 5

Get bigger as you go down
All have holes in transverse processes
All have bifid appearance of transverse process

Question 6

What do ribs attach to?

Answer 6

Thoracic vertbrae

Question 7

Do thoracic vertebrae have foramen?

Answer 7

No

Question 8

Lumbar vertebrae

Answer 8

Most massive
Articular processes are directed media laterally
Spinous process is not as long

Question 9

Curvatures of spine and direction?

Answer 9

Thoracic - Sacral - primary curvature concave to front of body
Cervical - lumbar - convex to anterior

Question 10

Supraspinous ligament

Answer 10

The most posterior, runs along the top of the spine

Question 11

Insterspious ligament

Answer 11

Extend between adjacent spinous processes

Question 12

Ligamentum flavum

Answer 12

Bridge over the lamina of the vertebrae

Question 13

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 13

Run the full extent of the vertebral column, on either side of body of vertebra

Question 14

Anterior longitudinal ligamentx

Answer 14

Run the full extent of the vertebral column, on either side of body of vertebra

Question 15

What do the spinal cord come out of?

Answer 15

Intervertebral foramina

Question 16

Where does the spinal cord end in adult?

Answer 16

Lumbar 1 or 2

Question 17

Meninges

Answer 17

cover spinal cord - three layers
Pia - First layer, single cell layer
Arachnoid - where cerebrospinal fluid is surfacing
Dura mader

Question 18

Cauda Equina

Answer 18

Area of nerve roots below where the spinal cord ends

Question 19

Spinal nerve

Answer 19

Where the dorsal and ventral root come together just after leaving the foramen
Mixed nerve - motor and sensory

Question 20

What do spinal nerves divide into?

Answer 20

Roots form nerves, nerves form ramii

Question 21

Artery in occipital triangle?

Answer 21

Vertebral artery