Vertebral Column Flashcards
What do Somites differentiate into?
Derotomes (bone), myotomes (muscle), and dermatomes (skin)
Types and number of vertebrae?
Cervical (7) Thoracic (12) Lumbar (5) Sacral (5 fused) Coccygeal - remainder of tail from evolution, variable amount
Atlas
First cervical vertebrae - does not have spinous process or body.
Has arch, and two facets that hold up skull
Axis
C2
Odontoid process - body, process that sticks superiorly
Rotate skull back and forth when you say no
C3 - C7
Get bigger as you go down
All have holes in transverse processes
All have bifid appearance of transverse process
What do ribs attach to?
Thoracic vertbrae
Do thoracic vertebrae have foramen?
No
Lumbar vertebrae
Most massive
Articular processes are directed media laterally
Spinous process is not as long
Curvatures of spine and direction?
Thoracic - Sacral - primary curvature concave to front of body
Cervical - lumbar - convex to anterior
Supraspinous ligament
The most posterior, runs along the top of the spine
Insterspious ligament
Extend between adjacent spinous processes
Ligamentum flavum
Bridge over the lamina of the vertebrae
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Run the full extent of the vertebral column, on either side of body of vertebra
Anterior longitudinal ligamentx
Run the full extent of the vertebral column, on either side of body of vertebra
What do the spinal cord come out of?
Intervertebral foramina
Where does the spinal cord end in adult?
Lumbar 1 or 2
Meninges
cover spinal cord - three layers
Pia - First layer, single cell layer
Arachnoid - where cerebrospinal fluid is surfacing
Dura mader
Cauda Equina
Area of nerve roots below where the spinal cord ends
Spinal nerve
Where the dorsal and ventral root come together just after leaving the foramen
Mixed nerve - motor and sensory
What do spinal nerves divide into?
Roots form nerves, nerves form ramii
Artery in occipital triangle?
Vertebral artery
