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SHB > Posterior Triangle & Brachial Plexus I > Flashcards

Posterior Triangle & Brachial Plexus I Flashcards

1
Q

Innervation of Sternocleidomastoid

A

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

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2
Q

Innervation of Trapezius

A

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

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3
Q

Innervation of Platysma

A

Facial Nerve

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4
Q

Innervation of Subclavius

A

Nerve to Subclavius

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5
Q

Innervation of Omohyoid

A

Ansa cervicalis

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6
Q

Innervation of Anterior Scalene

A

C4–6

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7
Q

Innervation of Middle Scalene

A

C3-8

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8
Q

Innervation of Posterior Scalene

A

C5-7

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9
Q

Action of Sternocleidomastoid

A

Bilaterally: flex head, raise thorax
Unilaterally: turns face toward opposite side

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10
Q

Action of Trapezius

A

Elevates, retracts, and rotates scapula; lower fibers depress scapula

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11
Q

Action of Platysma

A

Tenses skin of neck

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12
Q

Action of Subclavius

A

Anchors and depresses clavicle

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13
Q

Action of Omohyoid

A

Steadies hyoid bone and depresses hyoid

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14
Q

Action of Anterior Scalene

A

Elevates 1st rib, bends neck

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15
Q

Action of Middle Scalene

A

Elevates 1st rib, bends neck

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16
Q

Action of Posterior Scalene

A

Elevates 2nd rib, bends neck

17
Q

What does the Phrenic Nerve sit on top of? Innervate?

A

Anterior Scalene Muscle

“C3,4,5 keeps the Diaphragm alive!”

18
Q

Boundaries of the posterior triangle?

A

A. Anterior border: Sternocleidomastoid m.
B. Posterior border: Trapezius m.
C. Inferior border: Clavicle
D. Roof: Investing fascia, Platysma, Superficial fascia, skin.
E. Floor: Deep (Prevertebral) fascia over scalene muscles.
F. Subdivided by Omohyoid m. into Occipital triangle superiorly, and Omoclavicular or Supraclavicular triangle inferiorly

19
Q

Cutaneous components of cervical plexus and what do they innervate?

A

Transverse cervical n.: From ventral rami of C2-3; Cutaneous nerve to throat.

Great auricular n.:From ventral rami of C2-3; Cutaneous to area around ear.

Lesser occipital n.:From ventral rami of C2 (and sometimes C3); Cutaneous to skin near mastoid process.

Supraclavicular n.:From ventral rami of C3-4; Splits into three branches - anterior, middle and posterior (also called medial, intermediate and lateral); Cutaneous to area over clavicle.

20
Q

Layers of fascia in neck?

A

A. Superficial Cervical Fascia - fat, cutaneous nerves, vessels, platysma.
B. Investing Fascia - envelopes all structures of the neck except the platysma.
Attaches to the ligamentum nuchae and C7 spinous process posteriorly.
Splits to enclose the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid mm.
C. Infrahyoid Fascia – envelops and isolates movements of strap muscles.
D. Carotid Sheath – envelops Carotid a, Internal Jugular v. & Vagus n.
E. Prevertebral Fascia - invests vertebral column and associated muscles.
F. Pretracheal Fascia - encapsulates trachea, esophagus and thyroid gland.

21
Q

Relationship of anterior scalene muscle to subclavian V/A & brachial plexus?

A

Subclavian vein is superficial to anterior scalene m. Subclavian artery and brachial plexus run between anterior and middle scalene muscles.

22
Q

Subclavian artery and its branches

A

“VITamin C and sometimes D”
Part 1: proximal to anterior scalene m.
Vertebral a. – Biggest, dives back to supplies brainstem & circle of Willis
Internal Thoracic a. – opposite direction of vertebral. anterior chest wall & breast
Thyrocervical Trunk - immediately splits into four branches
Part 2: under/deep to anterior scalene m.
Costocervical Trunk: 2 branches
Deep cervical, Supreme Intercostal
Part 3: distal to anterior scalene m.
Dorsal Scapular a. – highly variable origin, often absent (“sometimes
D”)

23
Q

Important pressure point to stop bleeding in upper extremity?

A

Compressing subclavian artery against first rib is important pressure point to stop severe bleeding in upper extremity

.

24
Q

When, and to what, are the subclavian a. & v renamed to?

A

As Subclavian a & v cross first rib, renamed to Axillary a & v.

25
Q

What forms the inferior root of ansa cervicalis?

A

C2 & 3 Rammi innervating the sternohyoid, sternothyroid, and inferior omohyoid

26
Q

What forms the superior root of the Ansa Cervicalis?

A

C1 Rami innervating the thyrohyoid and geniohyoid muscles

27
Q

Contents of supraclavicular triangle (below Omohyoid m.):

A

Lower portion of brachial plexus
Subclavian artery and vein
Branches off of the Subclavian a. (VIT C & D)
Termination of external jugular vein

28
Q

What nerve lays on top of the Levator Scapulae

A

CN XI, spinal accessory nerve

29
Q

Where does the external jugular vein lie?

A

On top of the sternocleidomastoid

30
Q

What does not pulsating bleeding mean?

A

Artery has been cut; NOT VEIN

31
Q

What pierces the middle scalene muscle?

A

Dorsal Scapular nerve

32
Q

Do cervical vertebrae have foramen?

A

Yes, for arteries and veins

33
Q

Muscles within posterior triangle

A

Omohyoid
Levator Scapulae
Scalenes
Splenius Capitus

SHB (23 decks)

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